The Evolution Of Law Enforcement Essay - 1279 Words

The Evolution of Law Enforcement All over the history of human evolution, people have sought a way to protect their lives and property. During the Babylonian period, members of families suggested the ideas of having a group from the community to maintain safety and order. Normally during that time, protection and social control were the major responsibility of that group. In that time, people requested the eldest and strongest males of the tribes to take part in the first security force of community for survival (Rainer and Librett 1089). The early development of policing in the world was not invented, but it was rather an idea of people who lived in the ancient time of human evolution (1089). Today, law enforcement has become a very important tool in our society and is almost impossible to live without their services. Some people may still have questions about the treatment of other people and their behavior. Sometimes, people question if the actual law enforcement officers, mostly in the United States are needed to be retrained. Otherwise, problems would never exist between the police community and the public. Law enforcement was the creation of the people for their own needs. In fact, the evolution of law enforcement during early history has appeared in many different ways. To start, historical evidence shows â€Å"there exist few historical records establishing the earliest police, but one can surmise that early policing existed around the idea of public survival† (qtd.inShow MoreRelatedIntelligence Led Policing Research Paper703 Words   |  3 PagesEvolution from Community to Intelligence Led-Policing Since the September 11, 2001, law enforcement agencies across the nation recognized the need to integrate intelligence into their current community policing approach. When intelligence is available, decision-making is more effective and efficient. Intelligence enables law enforcement agencies to implement policies and procedures necessary to combat the concerns of the community. Why intelligence-led policing was integrated into community policingRead MoreCrj7015/Unit 4 Db 1. Hiring Practices And Their Evolution1189 Words   |  5 PagesCRJ7015/Unit 4 DB 1 Hiring practices and their evolution over the last 100 years the issue of established prohibitions in hiring practices related to women in policing Introduction One would think that in today’s day time that women should be treated the say way as her male counterpart when it comes to applying for a position as an officer or any other position within law enforcement organization, but they are not. Even though it has been over 100 years, women in the work place and equality canRead MoreLaw Enforcement and New Technology846 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication devices, and the Internet, are commonplace. The evolution of policing has been connected through the years with technology. Starting from the days of â€Å"beat cops or bobbies and their runners who helped collect information; the law enforcement branch of the criminal justice system has had an interesting evolution. In today s world, the use of technology assists in this effort. The introduction of technology to Law Enforcement was already at a boom, in 1964, St.Louis was the only cityRead MoreThe Evolution of Technology in Policing647 Words   |  3 Pages1. Although law enforcem ent tactics have been used to help communities address their public safety concerns and help legitimize the law, policing as a formal social institution is young. The history of the formal police system stems back to the 19th century and Sir Robert Peels first force of bobbies in London. Since Peels reforms, modern policing has evolved to include many different models that include community policing. The Peel reforms ensured that English, and then American, police forcesRead MoreHow Community Policing Is Developed By Clans, And Tribes Among Other Ethnical Groups1402 Words   |  6 Pagessubsequently the structure of policing evolve during the Greek and Roman Empire (citation). Moreover, during the twelve century the policing structure evolve to frankpledge system. Kings assigned leaders called chief-pledges, their function was to ensure laws were enforced and functionality of the system. Chief –pledges grouped ten houses called a â€Å"tithing† out of every ten houses chiefs assigned a leader who was liable of the tithing’s behavior. The policing system kept evolving, public servants statedRead MoreThe Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule1733 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule A Historical Analysis And How It Stand Today April Herald Criminal Justice Abstract From historical analysis, this work highlights key cases that have influenced the evolution of the Exclusionary rule and where it stands today. The purpose of this paper is to inform people of the importance of our constitutional rights, especially the fourth amendment when concerning a criminal prosecution. The exclusionary rule is set in place to ensureRead MorePolicing Research Paper1136 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion was asked to understand the mindset between students and nonstudents when it comes to policing evolution in the United States. Understanding and knowledge of policing is a key factor in knowing how the police force has changed over the years. The question that followed was about the gender. When dealing with policing evolution, male and female have had many different experiences with law-enforcement as well as different understandings on the duties of a police officer. The survey shows that 53Read MoreThe Evolution Of Private Security1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Private Security One of the most important components of the security and safety of individuals and the society in general is the private security industry. This industry has constantly evolved since its inception to an extent that it is currently responsible for safeguarding most of the country’s institutions and the critical infrastructure systems. Moreover, this industry also caters for protection of sensitive corporate information and intellectual property (Strom et. al.,Read MoreThe Beginnings Of Intellectual Property Rights1630 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal activity will likely be characterized by varying standards and improved enforcement, reflecting evolution in social, cultural and political attitudes, and a deeper understanding of the relationships among innovation, creation and the more efficient distribution of intellectual property. Increased cooperation might occur at the governance level. Many of the fast and unprecedented changes in intellectual property law and policy over t he past two decades are due to their intersection with internationalRead MoreCyber Predators And Its Effects On Children1593 Words   |  7 Pagesor her adult status to influence and control a child’s behavior †¢ Offering attention and affection Betraying a child’s trust by manipulating his or her emotions and insecurities. (Wolak J, Finkelhor D, Mitchell K, Ybarra M. 2008). †¢ Explain the evolution of the cybercrime, including when the cybercrime gained national attention and any circumstances or cases that might have prompted the national attention. Today our world has become more reliant on the Internet world. I feel as though society

Play Essay - 1461 Words

The play space is not school, and whilst learning may be an important playwork priority, what is even more important is how the child learns and whether s/he retains control over prioritising what is learnt. Play is a process of trial and error in which the error is as valuable to learning as is the success. Within playwork we generally define play as behaviour which is freely chosen, personally directed and intrinsically motivated (Hughes, 1984). The definition is seen as having authenticity by playworkers because it recognises not only the child-centredness of play, but its experimental nature (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1967, 1970). (Hughes, 2001, p. 97) Playwork, as defined in Bonel and Lindon (1996) as managing the play environment and†¦show more content†¦Consequently, care should be exercised in generalizing conclusions from studies on one playground to other playgrounds. 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Karl Marx Free Essays

The first article speaking about it the power of the communist manifesto and the power it has in Europe. Usually all of the political parties in opposition of the current government go to the ideology of the communist manifesto adapting it in several languages in the Europe from English, French, German, Italian, and Danish languages. From the Karl Marx perspective it focuses on the struggles of the classes the rich and poor. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only way, how this level could ever be resolved is through a revolution or contending of the classes. In the days of history, we noticed that the arrangements of society in placed into various orders, and by social ranks. This was done in the Middle Ages with great empires. The modern bourgeois society has established new classes, new conditions of oppression, and new forms of struggle in place of old ones. In the views of Karl Marx it places two great classes; the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. The colonialization of the Americas and the controlling of the Chinese and Indian Markets allowed for the Bourgeoisie to continue to rise using the raw materials and resources of the new lands. In the area of industrialization is when the two classes became more apart than anything else when the bourgeoisie would do nothing while the proletariat did most of the work and were working in poor conditions including child labor. As it turns out to be the bourgeoisie became richer and had the advantages of political advances of that class. As the argument states that either republic or monarchy governance support the interest of the in the bourgeoisie. The current state is only a committee for the managing of the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie. It has said that the bourgeoisie has destroyed the family relations because the individual is focused on self-interest only calling it a cash payment. It has destroyed the main purposes of society in which are religious activities, chivalrous enthusiasm, and sentimentalism and given the icy water of egotistical approach. It has given the meaning of anything personal as an exchange of value in the place of costless freedoms. An enable of this is the world Free Trade, in one word means exploitation veiled by religious and political illusions, it is substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation. According to the view of Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie has basically stripped the occupations of the honored physician, lawyer, priest, or poet into paid wage laborers. It has turn away from the family it sentimental veil and reduce the family into a money relation. The bourgeoisie cannot exist without the changing the instruments of production and the relations of production and with them the relations of society. The need for the constant expanding of the markets and its products get the bourgeoisie to the surface of the world, not caring where to settle. The bourgeoisie though its exploitation of the world market given the character to production consumption in every country. The old fashion states controlled national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. The introduction of the new industries becomes a life and death question for all civilized nations; those do not work up indigenous raw material around in the globe. The bourgeoisie by the rapid movement of its instruments of production allowed for the expansion of communication creating the civilizations in these nations. The cheap prices of commodities are what allow other countries to adapt to the way of the bourgeoisie. This class has subjected the country to the rule of towns and small people. It created enormous cities that increased the urban population as compared with the rural, and only rescued a considerable part of the population from the rural life. Just as it has made the country dependent on the towns, so it has countries dependent on the civilized ones, nations of peasants on nations of bourgeois, including the East and West. According to the view, this is a necessary consequence of this because of political centralization. Independent and loosely tied connected provinces, with separate interests, laws, governments, and systems of taxation, became into one nation with one government, one code of laws, one national class interest, and on customs-tariff. The proportion the bourgeoisie provide including capital is developed to the same proportion of the proletariat, the modern working class, developed a class of labor who live only as they find work and do so by long as their labor increases capital. The labors, who sell themselves piecemeal are a commodity like other articles of commerce and are exposed the product into competition for the markets. Owing the extensive use of the machinery, division of labor, the work of the proletarians has lost all individual character, and the charm of the workman. The cost of the production of a workman is restricted to the means of subsistence that he requires maintenance and for the propagation of his race. The price of a commodity and labor is equal to the cost of the production. In proportion, as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the wage decreases and the use of machinery and division of labor increases the burden of toil also increases and the prolongation of the working hours, by the increase of the work exacted in a given time or by increased speed of machinery. The less the skill and exertion of strength by the manual labor, in other words, the more modern industry becomes developed, the labor of men superseded by that of women. Differences of age and sex have no longer and distinctive social validity for the working class. The instruments of labor, less or more expensive to use, are according to their age and sex. How to cite Karl Marx, Essay examples Karl Marx Free Essays Karl Marx was born in Trier, in the German Rhineland, in 1818. Although his family was Jewish they converted to Christianity so that his father could pursue his career as a lawyer in the face of Prussia’s anti-Jewish laws. A precocious schoolchild, Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin, and then wrote a PhD thesis in Philosophy, comparing the views of Democritus and Epicurus. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx or any similar topic only for you Order Now On completion of his doctorate in 1841 Marx hoped for an academic job, but he had already fallen in with too radical a group of thinkers and there was no real hope. Turning to journalism Marx rapidly became involved in political and social issues, and soon found himself having to consider communist theory. Of his many early writings, four, in particular stand out. ‘Contribution to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Introduction’, and ‘On The Jewish Question’, were both written in 1843 and published in the Deutsch-Franzà ¶sische Jahrbà ¼cher. The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, written in Paris 1844, and the ‘Theses on Feuerbach’ of 1845 remained unpublished in Marx’s lifetime. Karl Marx (1818-1883) is best known not as a philosopher but as a revolutionary communist, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. It is hard to think of many who have had as much influence in the creation of the modern world. Trained as a philosopher, Marx turned away from philosophy in his mid-twenties, towards economics and politics. However, in addition to his overtly philosophical early work, his later writings have many points of contact with contemporary philosophical debates, especially in the philosophy of history and the social sciences, and in moral and political philosophy. Historical materialism — Marx’s theory of history — is centered around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. Marx sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of production, culminating in communism. Marx’s economic analysis of capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat. The analysis of history and economics come together in Marx’s prediction of the inevitable breakdown of capitalism for economic reasons, to be replaced by communism. However Marx refused to speculate in detail about the nature of communism, arguing that it would arise through historical processes, and was not the realisation of a pre-determined moral ideal. In this text Marx begins to make clear the distance between him and that of his radical liberal colleagues among the Young Hegelians; in particular Bruno Bauer. Bauer had recently written against Jewish emancipation, from an atheist perspective, arguing that the religion of both Jews and Christians was a barrier to emancipation. In responding to Bauer Marx makes one of the most enduring arguments from his early writings, by means of introducing a distinction between political emancipation — essentially the grant of liberal rights and liberties — and human emancipation. Marx’s reply to Bauer is that political emancipation is perfectly compatible with the continued existence of religion, as the example of the United States demonstrates then. However, pushing matters deeper, in an argument reinvented by innumerable critics of liberalism, Marx argues that not only is political emancipation insufficient to bring about human emancipation, it is in some sense also a barrier. Liberal rights and ideas of justice are premised on the idea that each of us needs protection from other human beings. Therefore liberal rights are designed to protect us from such perceived threats. Freedom on such a view, is freedom from interference. What this view overlooks is the possibility — for Marx, the fact — that real freedom is to be found positively in our relations with other people. It is to be found in human community, not in isolation. So insisting on a regime of rights encourages us to view each other in ways which undermine the possibility of the real freedom we may find in human emancipation. Now we should be clear that Marx does not oppose political emancipation, for he clearly sees that liberalism is a great improvement on the systems of prejudice and discrimination which existed in the Germany of his day. Nevertheless such politically emancipated liberalism must be transcended on the route to genuine human emancipation. Unfortunately Marx never tells us what human emancipation is, although it is clear that it is closely related to the idea of non-alienated labour which we will explore below This work is home to the Marx’s notorious remark that religion is the ‘opiate of the people’, and it is here that Marx sets out his account of religion in most detail. Just as importantly Marx here also considers the question of how revolution might be achieved in Germany, and sets out the role of the proletariat in bringing about the emancipation of society as a whole. With regard to religion, Marx fully accepted Feuerbach’s claim in opposition to traditional theology that human beings had created God in their own image; indeed a view that long pre-dated Feuerbach. Feuerbach’s distinctive contribution was to argue that worshipping God diverted human beings from enjoying their own human powers. While accepting much of Feuerbach’s account Marx’s criticizes Feuerbach on the grounds that he has failed to understand why people fall into religious alienation and so is unable to explain how it can be transcended. Marx’s explanation, of course, is that religion is a response to alienation in material life, and cannot be removed until human material life is emancipated, at which point religion will wither away. Precisely what it is about material life that creates religion is not set out with complete clarity. However it seems that at least two aspects of alienation are responsible. One is alienated labour, which will be explored shortly. A second is the need for human beings to assert their communal essence. Whether or not we explicitly recognize it, human beings exist as a community, and what makes human life possible is our mutual dependence on the vast network of social and economic relations which engulf us all, even though this is rarely acknowledged in our day-to-day life. Marx’s view appears to be that we must, somehow or other, acknowledge our communal existence in our institutions. At first it is ‘deviously acknowledged’ by religion, which creates a false idea of a community in which we are all equal in the eyes of God. After the post-Reformation fragmentation of religion, where religion is no longer able to play the role even of a fake community of equals, the state fills this need by offering us the illusion of a community of citizens, all equal in the eyes of the law. But the state and religion will both be transcended when a genuine community of social and economic equals is created. Of course we are owed an answer to how such a society could be created. It is interesting to read Marx here in the light of his third Thesis on Feuerbach where he indicates how it will not happen. The crude materialism of Robert Owen and others assumes that you can change people by changing their circumstances. However, how are those circumstances to be changed? By an enlightened philanthropist like Owen who can miraculously break through the chain of determination which ties down everyone else? Marx’s response, in both the Theses and the Critique, is that the proletariat can break free only by their own self-transforming action. Indeed if they do not create the revolution for themselves — guided, of course, by the philosopher — they will not be fit to receive it. The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts cover a wide range of topics including much interesting material on private property and communism, and on money, as well as developing Marx’s critique of Hegel. However, they are best known for their account of alienated labour. Here Marx famously depicts the worker under capitalism as suffering from four types of alienated labour. First, from the product, which as soon as it is created is taken away from its producer. Second, in productive activity (work) which is experienced as a torment. Third, from species-being, for humans produce blindly and not in accordance with their truly human powers. Finally from other human beings, where the relation of exchange replaces mutual need. That these categories overlap in some respects is not a surprise given Marx’s remarkable methodological ambition in these writings. Essentially he attempts to apply a Hegelian deduction of categories to economics, trying to demonstrate that all the categories of bourgeois economics — wages, rent, exchange, profit etc- are ultimately derived from an analysis of the concept of alienation. Consequently each category of alienated labour is supposed to be deducible from the previous one. However, Marx gets no further than deducing categories of alienated labour from each other. Quite possibly in the course of writing he came to understand that a different methodology is required for approaching economic issues. Nevertheless we are left with a very rich text on the nature of alienated labour. The idea of non-alienation has to be inferred from the negative, with the assistance of one short passage at the end of the text ‘On James Mill’ in which non-alienated labour is briefly described in terms which emphasise both the immediate producer’s enjoyment of production as a confirmation of his or her powers, and also the idea that production is to meet the needs of others, thus confirming for both parties our human essence as mutual dependence. Both sides of our species essence are revealed here: our individual human powers and our membership in the human community. It is important to understand that for Marx alienation is not merely a matter of subjective feeling, or confusion. The bridge between Marx’s early analysis of alienation and his later social theory is the idea that the alienated individual is ‘a plaything of alien forces’, albeit alien forces which are themselves a product of human action. In our daily lives we take decisions that have unintended consequences, which then combine to create large-scale social forces which may have an utterly unpredicted effect. In Marx’s view the institutions of capitalism — themselves the consequences of human behaviour — come back to structure our future behaviour, determining the possibilities of our action. For example, for as long as a capitalist intends to stay in business he must exploit his workers to the legal limit. Whether wracked by guilt or not the capitalist must act as a ruthless exploiter. Similarly the worker must take the best job on offer; there is simply no other sane option. But by doing this we reinforce the very structures that oppress us. The urge to transcend this condition, and to take collective control of our destiny — whatever that would mean in practice — is one of the motivating and sustaining elements of Marx’s attraction to communism. The Theses on Feuerbach contain one of Marx’s most memorable remarks ‘the philosophers have only interpreted the world, the point is to change it’ (thesis 11). However the eleven theses as a whole provide, in the compass of a couple of pages, a remarkable digest of Marx’s reaction to the philosophy of his day. Several of these have been touched on already (for example the discussions of religion in theses 4, 6 and 7, and revolution in thesis 3) so here I will concentrate only on the first, most overtly philosophy, thesis. In the first thesis Marx states his objections to ‘all hitherto existing’ materialism and idealism. Materialism is complimented for understanding the physical reality of the world, but is criticised for ignoring the active role of the human subject in creating the world we perceive. Idealism, at least as developed by Hegel, understands the active nature of the human subject, but confines it to thought or contemplation: the world is created through the categories we impose upon it. Marx combines the insights of both traditions to propose a view in which human beings do indeed create — or at least transform — the world they find themselves in, but this transformation happens not in thought but through actual material activity; not through the imposition of sublime concepts but through the sweat of their brow, with picks and shovels. This historical version of materialism, which transcends and thus rejects all existing philosophical thought, is the foundation of Marx’s later theory of history. As Marx puts it in the 1844 Manuscripts, ‘Industry is the real historical relationship of nature †¦ to man’. This thought, derived from reflection on the history of philosophy, sets the agenda for all Marx’s future work Capitalism is distinctive, Marx argues, in that it involves not merely the exchange of commodities, but the advancement of capital, in the form of money, with the purpose of generating profit through the purchase of commodities and their transformation into other commodities which can command a higher price, and thus yield a profit. Marx claims that no previous theorist has been able adequately to explain how capitalism as a whole can make a profit. Marx’s own solution relies on the idea of exploitation of the worker. In setting up conditions of production the capitalist purchases the worker’s labour power — his ability to labour — for the day. The cost of this commodity is determined in the same way as the cost of every other; i.e. in terms of the amount of socially necessary labour power required to produce it. In this case the value of a day’s labour power is the value of the commodities necessary to keep the worker alive for a day. Suppose that such commodities take four hours to produce. Thus the first four hours of the working day is spent on producing equivalent to the value of the wages the worker will be paid. This is known as necessary labour. Any work the worker does above this is known as surplus labour, producing surplus value for the capitalist. Surplus value, according to Marx, is the source of all profit. In Marx’s analysis labour power is the only commodity which can produce more value than it is worth, and for this reason it is known as variable capital. Other commodities simply pass their value on to the finished commodities, but do not create any extra value. They are known as constant capital. Profit, then, is the result of the labour performed by the worker beyond that necessary to create the value of his or her wages. This is the surplus value theory of profit. Reference Karl Marx, `On the Jewish Question`: alienated labor, private property, and communism How to cite Karl Marx, Essay examples Karl Marx Free Essays Karl Heinrich Marx â€Å"If I had 26 letters of the alphabet I could rule the world.? †Those are the words of one of the greatest philosophers. Karl Heinrich Mark, â€Å"The Founder, or the Father of Modern communism and Marxism† was born May 1818-July 1883. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx or any similar topic only for you Order Now Karl was born into a wealthy family. (1) He was one of the most infamous philosophers and tacticians in the socioeconomic structure of our times. He was however infamous to many people because of his political, economic and social views. Mr. Marx was also very influential to many significant people and countries worldwide. (2) Even today people use and elaborate on his quotes. His views continue to be debated and applied in today’s society. Karl Marx is dubbed the â€Å"father of Communism†, and wrote his Communist Manifesto in 1848, with Friedrich Engel’s. (3) Economically, he opined that capitalism is very unfair and dehumanizing, in that the laborers or the masses were meant to work for a few rich people who profit by paying very low wages. (2) He however noted the defining features of capitalism as alienation, exploitation and reoccurring, cyclical  depressions  leading to mass unemployment;(1) on the other hand capitalism is also characterized by â€Å"revolutionizing, industrializing urbanization. 3)  Marx considered the capitalist class to be one of the most revolutionary in history, because it constantly improved the means of production, more so than any other class in history, and was responsible for the overthrow of  feudalism  and its transition to capitalism. (4-5)   Capitalism can stimulate considerable growth because the capitalist can, and has an incentive to; reinvest profits in new technologies and  capital equipment. Karl Marx believed that throughout history, since the feudal ages, proletariats (working class) have been abused by higher classes, especially bourgeoisie (middle class). In Communism, proletariats are in power, and the sharing of the wealth and business would be run by the worker’s themselves. . Today labor unions adopt the principle of deciding their own wages and seeking good working condition and can go on strike if their demands are not met. There is collective bargaining by workers Socially Karl Marx’  theories  on these changes happening around him are based around the idea of different stages that society goes through. He believes there are five stages in society and these are: tribal communism, slavery, feudalism, capitalism and finally ommunism. Most western societies have already gone through the first three stages and at the time of Marx were going through the fourth stages, as most still are. (2)Marx talks a lot about production, he theorizes that the part you play in the method of production affects the role you have in society as a whole. Each stage in society has a different production system in place. So in a capital ist society somebody who owns the means of production, the bourgeoisie, is the top of the social rank as they hold the power. The rest of society, the proletariats rely in the bourgeoisie to provide them with job so they have the  money  to survive. There will always be groups who have the power the oppressor, while the rest are the oppressed; those without any power who have to rely on others to provide them with money  so they are able to live. These two groups do not share the same interests. Marx saw this as class conflict, he believed that with time the conflict between the two would grow so great that the oppressed would rise up against the oppressor and society would move on to  the next  stage. In his opinion  the next  stage would be communism, his idea of the perfect society. The world is pretty much how Marx described it 150 years ago, which is quite impressive in itself,† Tormey said. â€Å"This is to say that we now have a more or less integrated world capitalist system, with a global rich and global poor — as Marx predicted. There is huge exploitation across all societies — the proliferation of sweatshops and export processing zones are all very much in keeping with Marx’s account. The peasantry is being systematically wiped out in a global process of dispossession, and of course social democracy, which started as a form of ultra moderate ‘Marxism,’ Marxism-lite if you like, is in retreat in all areas where it once enjoyed hegemony,† he added. Politically The Soviets, Chinese, and other Communist states were at most based along. Marxist beliefs ch Communist leaders as Vladimir Ilyich  Lenin, Joseph  Stalin, and  Mao Zedong even Hitler  loyally claimed Marxist orthodoxy for their pronouncements which produced an egalitarian political society. 3) This led to evolution of varied forms of welfare capitalism, the improved condition of workers in industrial societies, and the recent demise of the Communist bloc in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have tended to discredit Marx’s dire and deterministic economic predictions. (4) In the Third World, a legacy of colonialism and anti-imperialist struggle has given Marxism popular support. In Africa, Marxism has had notable impact in such nations as Ethiopia, Benin, Angola, Kenya, and Senegal. In less stable societies Marxism’s combination of materialist analysis with a militant sense of justice remains a powerful attraction. How to cite Karl Marx, Essay examples

Industrial Relations in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Relations in Australia. Answer: Introduction The following paper discusses about the various aspects of the industrial relations that have been predominant in the country of Australia. Australia has been a country where the laws and regulations for the work in government organizations have changed many times over the past two decades. This proves that the employees have suffered many setbacks from time to time in this time. The relationship between the employers and the employees has always remained at the focal point when discussing these facts. In this paper, the concept of the employee-employer relationship has to be discussed along with the description about the Fair Work Act that was designed in the year 2009. Many things are related in this scenario. The things like Neo-Institutional approach will be discussed here. The parties like the individual employees in the workplace, the workers unions and the interference of the political parties, the role of the employers and their respective associations and most importantly th e role of the government in this aspect will be explained here. The fair work commission has a big role to play here as well. Neo-Institutional approach Neo Institutional theory has been considered as one of the most important approaches or theories in the modern context (Fredriksson, Pallas and Wehmeier 2013). This is because it has a lot to do with politics in the modern workplaces. In this theory, the principal perception is to clarify how the organizations should be run in the new era. This includes the development of the institutions, spreading their names and how they become legitimate organizations by getting involved in one after another (Fredriksson, Pallas and Wehmeier 2013). This theory has been regarded as one of the most important aspects in the entire culture of the workplaces and organizations in this new era. The government organizations are not excluded from feeling the impact of this theory as well. This encompasses the cultural traditions and beliefs in the new period of business revolution. The first focuses that were being laid on to the factors of neo institutionalism were the isomorphism and legitimating (Salomon and Wu 2012). This approach did not put much attention on the human orientation. These certain public policies had an effect on the growth and development of the organizations. The two theories that are combined with the advent of this approach or theory are institutional theory and resources dependence theory. This approach has been evolved through the economy development and it helps to recognize the institutions that are considered to be informal. This approach has its roots in the political science where it derives the opinion of the rational selection of the individuals within the society as well as the social institutions (Salomon and Wu 2012). This recommendation of this theory is that the State must be strong in nature but its powers and influences must be limited in nature (Suddaby, Seidl and L 2013). Workplace Relations Act 1996 The workplace relations act is a legislative framework that addresses the work choices that the employees can opt for or relate themselves to in a real time (Workplace Relations Act 2017). It was designed for the employees and the employers as well. The Work Choices had been one of the important subparts in that particular legislation. The contemporary government in Australia had made several changes before introducing this act for the public and they enforced it in the Federal industrial relations in Australia (Workplace Relations Act 2017). These changes in the Work Choices in the Workplace Relations act include the various factors like:- Using of secret ballots in the industrial action was made to be mandatory (Frege 2017). Five minimum workplace conditions had to be created (Workplace Relations Act 2017). A single national industrial relations system had to be formed and applied in every corporation within the country. The allowable matters which could have been covered by presenting awards, had to be reduced in a good number. Certified Agreements and Australian Workplace Agreements had to be created so that the employees could have a better future in the organizations (Workplace Relations Act 2017). Restrictions were created in the matters that could be allowed anyway. The concept of pattern bargaining was completely outlawed by this legislative framework (Frege 2017). The companies which had less than 101 employees because of the unfair dismissal by the companies were exempted from government registers (Workplace Relations Act 2017). Fair Work Act 2009 This legislative framework for the better employment relations has been very effective in terms of the entire employment relations in Australia. As a whole, this is called the national workplace relations system (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). This system was designed for a balanced framework for the productive workplace relations in the workplaces around the country. The things that have been outlined in this act are:- It has said about the terms and conditions of the employment from perspectives of both the employer and the employees. All the rights of the employees, employers and the organizations have been outlined in this framework. These rights include the recruitment process, employee retention, termination and many other related processes (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). This act also provides the employees for a guaranteed safety net of fair and relevant minimum terms and conditions that secures the rights for both of them. They get this security through the National Employment Standards (NES), Modern Awards and National Minimum Wage orders. These things have helped to create a safe working environment for the employees (Fair Work Ombudsman 2017). Pluralism approach in the neo institutionalism theory The neo institutionalism has been divided into two approaches that are the pluralism and unitarism. The approach of pluralism has got the more affinity with the current industrial relations all over the world. Some of the features in the neo pluralism approach are:- The balance of the individual rights for the workers with the corporate social responsibility of the employers Significance of the community action on the voluntary basis with the moral construction of the employee organizations The families, schools and other social institutions have to take the roles of creating a good character The existing social institutions have to be regenerated The role of the moral and social cohesion lies on the hands of the trade unions in the workplaces. It has been said by the experts that the pluralism creates a certain representation gap in the society as also it tends to weaken the flavor of the democratic society. The staff associations, trade unions and the employee organizations must consult with themselves about certain things because they are the most important things in the industrial relations. The neo-pluralism has gained some important significance in the Australian context. This approach is quite superior in many aspects. These are:- This would be able to provide a normative framework in the Australian context and relating to the premises that have been described in the Fair Work Act 2009. This approach depicts that the employment relations is quite an assymetrical one. This is inclined towards the employer mainly. Some employers are ethically very careless and do not have the chance to co-exist with the employees. The way to make them aware about these responsibilities is to apply the ethical hegemony. This approach establishes a strong ethical cohesion for the social partnerships between the employees and employers at the workplace. These things will help to build a symmetrical connection with the Fair Work Act 2009 where the employees must be given certain facilities in the workplace and they must not be deprived of their primary rights. They cannot be forced to do anything or indulge into unethical works forcefully. National Employment Standards The National Employment Standards are the standard legislative framework for the compliance in the Australian business environments (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2017). These rules and regulations have to be maintained by all the organizations, irrespective of their market size, industry or the other unique conditions. The elements that fall under this are:- Working hours for employees Right request for flexible working hours and arrangements Parental leaves (both maternal and paternal) Personal and compassionate leaves Public holidays Long service leaves Termination notice and redundancy pay Fair work statements Community service leaves Annual leaves The role of the employees, employers, employee unions, employer associations and the government itself has a huge role to play in the industrial relations in Australia (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2017). The various roles that the unions play in this modern business environment are:- They work with the management to solve the issues at workplace (Nicholson-Crotty Grissom and Nicholson-Crotty 2012). They work as advocates for the employees They make sure that the employers meet with the minimum obligations They see to the fact if the workplace safety laws are obeyed by the employers (Nicholson-Crotty Grissom and Nicholson-Crotty 2012). They indulge in the bargaining process with the employers to come to a negotiable agreement (Shaw, Kristman and Vzina 2013). The employer associations make the policies for the employees and work to if the employees are suffering from any problems in the workplace (Poole 2013). They set up policies for the employees to work within the organizations and maintain the integrity at the workplace. They also consult with the representatives to fix the strategies for the growth of the organization, planning to celebrate the different occasions, celebrating the birthdays of the employees and many more (Poole 2013). The government also has some contributions in maintain good industrial relations at the workplace (Deakin and Morris 2012). They regulate the legislative frameworks to maintain inside the organization. The government also fixes a certain range of wages for the employees at different standards. They also help to set the minimum wages at the workplace. The government sets the different workplace determinations that are made in the case of the low paid employees. The other cases in which the government can interfere are the unfair dismissal, industrial action, right of entry of the trade union officials to the workplaces, disputes the settlements in the organizations, transfer of business and some other important factors (Bamber 2013). Conclusion The conclusion to this paper can be drawn by saying that Australian industrial relations have been a trajectory of a number of things beginning from shifting to the neo institutional theory and the introduction of new laws and regulations in the country. The acts like Fair Work Act 2009 and the Work Choices in the Workplace Relations Act 1996 has been effective in determining the relationship between the employees and employers in the organizations. The role of the employee unions or the trade unions, employer organizations and the government has a huge impact in defining the industrial relations of the country. References Bamber, G.J., 2013.New Technology (Routledge Revivals): International Perspectives on Human Resources and Industrial Relations. Routledge. Deakin, S.F. and Morris, G.S., 2012.Labour law. Hart publishing. Fair Work Ombudsman. (2017). Fair Work Ombudsman. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/legislation [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. Fair Work Ombudsman. (2017). National Employment Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017]. Fredriksson, M., Pallas, J. and Wehmeier, S., 2013. Public relations and neo-institutional theory.Public Relations Inquiry,2(2), pp.183-203. Frege, C.M., 2017.Social Partnership at Work: Workplace relations in post-unification Germany(Vol. 4). Taylor Francis. Nicholson-Crotty, S., Grissom, J.A. and Nicholson-Crotty, J., 2012. Governance and the impact of public employee unions on organizational performance.Public Performance Management Review,35(3), pp.422-448. Poole, M., 2013.Industrial relations: origins and patterns of national diversity(Vol. 4). Routledge. Powell, W.W. and DiMaggio, P.J. eds., 2012.The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press. Salomon, R. and Wu, Z., 2012. Institutional distance and local isomorphism strategy.Journal of International Business Studies,43(4), pp.343-367. Shaw, W.S., Kristman, V.L. and Vzina, N., 2013. Workplace issues. InHandbook of work disability(pp. 163-182). Springer New York. Suddaby, R., Seidl, D. and L, J.K., 2013. Strategy-as-practice meets neo-institutional theory. Workplace Relations Act. (2017). Workplace Relations Act. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2006C00104 [Accessed 28 Aug. 2017].

Problem with body weight

Many people are concerned with maintaining their health, as well as that of their loved ones. However, the main issue is whether body weight is the only cause of poor health. There is a false perception among members of society that overweight is a sign of unhealthy condition while underweight is a confirmation that an individual has a good health.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Problem with body weight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Convincing members of society to believe that unhealthy conditions are caused by various factors is an issue of concern. In this article, unhealthy behaviour would be evaluated in detail by discussing some of the factors that contribute to poor health. Body weight should never be used to measure the health of an individual because even slim individuals would be suffering from certain ailments. Therefore, healthy is an issue of concern while overweight is a major problem that would cause poor health (Costa, 2006). The major problem, which is related to overweight, would be resolved through the application of body mass index (BMI) while the issue related to health would be resolved through evaluating the risk factors for diseases, as well as some conditions that are often related to obesity. Body mass index is an instrument that is utilized in measuring an individual’s weight and obesity. Body mass index calculates an individual’s health by computing his or her height and weight. In other words, it approximates the body fat, which is a risk that would predispose an individual to various forms of diseases. Body mass index shows the healthiness of an individual meaning that the higher the body mass index, the higher the chances of contracting diseases. Individuals with high body mass indexes tend to suffer from hypertension, diabetes, gallstones and other heart related diseases. Furthermore, research shows that individuals with high body indexes ha ve high chances of suffering from cancer. Even though body mass index is a reliable tool for measuring the weight of an individual, it should not be relied upon so much in reporting the weight of athletes because it might overestimate their weight. On the other hand, it may end up underestimating the weight of old persons. Those with body mass indexes of over thirty are considered obese while those with body mass indexes of below 18.5 are underweight. The measure of waist circumference is another technique that could be utilized effectively to determine whether an individual is healthy or not. In this regard, an individual should not have too much fat around the waist because it would predispose him or her to diabetes. Since health is a great issue in society, individuals should keep off from practices that would predispose them to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high blood glucose.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People who are obese, meaning that their body mass index exceeds thirty, should be encouraged to lose weight for them to be accepted as healthy individuals (Sheila, 2004). An individual with a body mass index of between twenty-five and thirty is considered overweight hence he or she should lose weight. It should be understood that weight is a contributing factor to good health, but overweight does not mean unhealthy conditions. Similarly, underweight does not mean a healthy condition because smoking is another cause of diseases. An individual with less weight might involve him or herself in some unhealthy behaviour, such as smoking, which would expose him or her to diabetes. Therefore, maintaining a normal weight alone is not the only way of preventing diseases. References Costa, R. (2006). Obesity in Children and adolescents. New York: Public Health Nutrition Academy Sheila, G. (2004). Child and Adolescent Obesity : Current Problems in Paediatric and Adolescent Health Care. New York: Pearson. This essay on Problem with body weight was written and submitted by user Molly Little to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Do the Flame Test

How to Do the Flame Test You can use a flame test to help identify the composition of a sample. The test is used to identify metal ions (and certain other ions) based on the characteristic emission spectrum of the elements. The test is performed by dipping a wire or wooden splint into a sample solution or coating it with the powdered metal salt. The color of a gas flame is observed as the sample is heated. If a wooden splint is used, its necessary to wave the sample through the flame to avoid setting the wood on fire. The color of the flame is compared against the flame colors known to be associated with the metals. If a wire is used, it is cleaned between tests by dipping it in hydrochloric acid, followed by a rinse in distilled water. Flame Colors of Metals magenta: lithiumlilac: potassiumazure blue: seleniumblue: arsenic, cesium, copper(I), indium, leadblue-green: copper(II) halide, zincpale blue-green: phosphorusgreen: copper(II) non-halide, thalliumbright green: boronpale to apple green: bariumpale green: antimony, telluriumyellowish-green: manganese(II), molybdenumintense yellow: sodiumgold: ironorange to red: calciumred: rubidiumcrimson: strontiumbright white: magnesium Notes about the Flame Test The flame test is easy to perform and does not require special equipment, but there are drawbacks to using the test. The test is intended to help identify a pure sample; any impurities from other metals will affect the results. Sodium is a common contaminant of many metal compounds, plus it burns brightly enough that it can mask the colors of other components of a sample. Sometimes the test is performed by viewing the flame through blue cobalt glass to strip the yellow color from the flame. The flame test generally cant be used to detect low concentrations of metal in a sample. Some metals produce similar emission spectra (for example, it may be difficult to distinguish between the green flame from thallium and the bright green flame from boron). The test cannot be used to distinguish between all metals, so while it has some value as a qualitative analytical technique, it must be used in conjunction with other methods to identify a sample.

The Corporate Strategy for China Mobile Communications Literature review

The Corporate Strategy for China Mobile Communications - Literature review Example In relation to the recent financial results, China Mobile (2013) has also informed that the company has been achieving a steady growth with operating revenue of RMB303.1 billion with a growth of 10.4% as compared to the same phase of the previous financial year i.e. 2012. In this context, it is further determined that the telecommunication services of the company have also achieved a growth of 6.8% with an earning revenue of RMB284.7 during the first half of the financial year 2013. During the same period, the data business services of China Mobile had also emerged with a revenue growth of 25.5% i.e. RMB95.4 billion and the growth revenue earned from the telecommunication services increased to 33.5%. Correspondingly, the revenue from the wireless data traffic services was also recorded to be RMB47.4 billion with a growth rate of 62.2% as compared to the results of the first six months of last financial year (1China Mobile Ltd., 2013).According to the interim report of the year 2013, the report of the company has also highlighted that the revenue structure of China Mobile achieved a remarkable growth throughout the last financial year. In relation to the company’s interim financial statement (2013), China Mobile continued to play a leading role in the information and communication service industry in the context of profitability. The attributable profit to the equity shareholders had also been observed to increase up to 1.5% during the similar financial period of the year 2012 to RMB63.1 billion.

Fatigue and Limbic Dysfunction in Parkinsons Disease Essay

Fatigue and Limbic Dysfunction in Parkinsons Disease - Essay Example In essence, I did the best I could with what I was provided. Parkinson's disease (PD), first described by James Parkinson in 1817 (Figure 1), is one of the most prevalent disabling illnesses that can occur later in life. It is estimated to affect 1% of 70-year-olds, but is also seen in younger people, with 10% of cases occurring before the age of 50. The disease has become the pathfinder for other neurodegenerative disorders, since discovery of dopamine deficiency within the basal ganglia led to the development of the first effective treatment for a progressive neurodegenerative condition. Dopamine replacement therapy substantially reduces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in most patients, improving their quality of life and initially appearing to decrease mortality. Patients with PD who experience such central fatigue have pathology causing reductions in dopamine and serotonin turnover within the basal ganglia and limbic circuits. These are the structures, which facilitate the link between emotion/motivation (limbic system) and motor response. Estimates of the annual incidence of Parkinson's disease are in the range of 4-20 per 100,000 individuals. ... Demonstrating an association between fatigue and limbic dysfunction in PD will help rationalise treatment approaches for this disabling illness and its symptoms. Incidence and Prevalence Estimates of the annual incidence of Parkinson's disease are in the range of 4-20 per 100,000 individuals. A widely accepted figure for the prevalence of Parkinson's disease is approximately 200 per 100,000 populations. In the Unite States, it is estimated that between 750,000 and 1.5 million people have the disease. In the United Kingdom, there are approximately 120,000-130,000 diagnosed cases, but there may be many more that remain undiagnosed. Age, Sex, and Ethnicity Both the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease increase with age, and the prevalence may be as high as 1 in 50 for patients over the age of 80 years. Men are 1.5 times more likely than women to develop the condition are. Hospital-based studies have suggested that Parkinson's disease is less common in the Black population, than in other groups. Pathology The main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease is the degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (Figure 1.1). Examination with the naked eye reveals pallor of this area, which is confirmed microscopically by a marked decrease in the number of neuromelanin-containing cells and the presence of Lewy bodies in the remaining nigral neurons. Degeneration of pigmented neurons in the brainstem is not limited to the nigra but extends to the locus ceruleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Lewy bodies are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions, which are typically found in the neurons of the substantia nigra (Figure 1.2). They are a pathological hallmark of

Young Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Young Entrepreneurs - Essay Example This project also aimed at providing light to school going children from poor families who could not stand the smoke of the local kerosene lamp. The idea of developing the solar-powered lantern was originally presented by Wadongo at a local congress of young innovative youth’s forum in Kenya and was picked as a promising one with the potential to solve a problem in the community (Arrillaga-Andreessen, 2012). Wadongo did a lot of his research on the design and the sizes that most suited the targeted population. Through his various attempts to design a sustainable product that would not only last for long but also provide a cleaner source of energy, he came up with something that has been appreciated worldwide. His bight idea that only started in a small village in Kenya has now been recognized worldwide on various forums (Arrillaga-Andreessen, 2012). According to the locals, Wadongo’s project is one that has helped more children go back to school and the impact is felt almost immediately. The performances have increased in most schools that have adopted the use of the Solar-powered lantern. According to Wadongo, his project hasn’t reached its peak yet with several additions intended to be made. He wants to extend the scheme to cover more areas in the country, and at the same time sells his solar tapped power to major towns. He says that this approach will work best for him due to the frequent power blackouts experienced in those towns. His idea was driven by the fact that 90% of the country’s power is generated from hydro-power stations and the need for other reliable means of power generation was needed. According to Wadongo, the current power rates in the country are very high, and the consumers will welcome any form of cushioning. With the rates currently at Ksh 75 per kW unit, he intends to produce up to a total of 1000 kW for different premises.  Ã‚  

This Assignment Is About Collaborative Practice Nursing Essay

This Assignment Is About Collaborative Practice Nursing Essay The first part is this one (part A). It includes a practice scenario which I have been exploring in classroom sessions, to be discussed in terms how a policy likeour health our care our say, which influences service user involvement and integration of services; and how this relates to interprofessional working. For the second part (part B), a self-assessment of my level of development is required, using the provided self-assessment document which is related to the Interprofessional Capability Framework through reflections. Our health our care our say is the National Policy that I am going to examine in this assignment, to show how it influences interprofessional working with service users. It was published in January 2006 and it is aiming for more effective health and social care services outside hospital. Its logo is This policy is a new direction for community services. It sets out the governments vision for high quality support meeting peoples aspirations for independence and greater control over their lives, making service flexible and responsive to individual needs. That means that it targets for a person-centred environment in the health and care area. The scenario that I chose concerns Jane, a single young mother of two children, who was diagnosed with locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. She underwent a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node sampling and she is currently undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Jane habitually smokes and drinks. In the following part, the consequences of this patients behaviour are going to be analysed, since it seriously influences the results of her health care. ? MAIN PART As it was previously stated, this assignment is about the service user involvement and integration of services. A service user is essentially any individual who receives the impeccable, selfless and person-oriented service from the health and social care policy; if that policy is as perfect and person centred as they claim it to be, is a topic that will be analysed further along in this assignment. The level of the users involvement is heavily fluctuated. People should be encouraged to be involved in health care at levels that they are comfortable with, but at the same time be empowered through information, training and other support to get to the level of involvement to which they may aspire. (session) the service user should be able to make choices from a range of options. They cannot do this if they do not know what is available and whether they are entitled to it. For effectively delivering health and social care services, it is essential that professionals must work collaborative and the service user to be involved in their care. According to Hippocrates in the 5th BC; the role in the patient care is not exclusively part of physicians work, but patients must also participate in order for a smoother and less problematic cure to take place. This argument can be explicitly justified when observing a patient that displays non-compliance behaviour, since it makes the work for the cure of that patient almost impossible. In this case, Jane is the service user since she has been through a variety of services (assessed and treated by a physiotherapist, join a local smoking cessation group which is run by a small team of nurses and physiotherapists to support her in giving up smoking on a permanent basis, begin radiotherapy treatment and chemotherapy with cisplatin). Though, she is not active at all. With her attitude like missing her appointments in t he radiotherapy treatment, stop attending in the local cessation group for giving up smoking, she shows that she doesnt want to understand the importance of her treatment and how much is going to help her the cessation group to become well, in order to raise her children. Through interprofessional and collaborative working, professionals can take on a number of roles to promote this involvement. Collaborative working is about engaging in partnership with other professionals and those we care for (Whittington, 2003). Furthermore it can be argued that no profession by its own can meet all the needs of its service users. Nevertheless, by using the skills and expertise of all members of the multiisciplinary team in an integrated way, it can be ensured that all the needs of those people using the services are met. The significance of mutual respect in a working environment, as well as understanding and co-operation, with the combination of good communication and collaborative working is really important. It inevitably offers a person-centred environment, in which users of services experience high quality care that minimises risk and prohibits as far as possible serious mishaps and service breakdown. Wittington states in his work that, if there is no collaborative working between the health care professionals service isolation and fragmentation can result in lack of co-ordination, poor communication with service users, users spending longer periods away from home and increased service costs. (Wittington, 2003) Subsequently, for the Governments drive to shift the ideology from the requirements of the service to needs of the user, various key policy advancements have been established during the last few years, that altered the structure of the health and social care. Each development has greatly influence the manner that health and social care professionals conduct their service, the way the provision of services is provided and the experience of this service for the service user Our health our care our say is aiming to achieve four main goals. Firstly, it is aiming to provide better prevention services with earlier intervention in the health and social care services. This is going to be achieved by collaborative practice between the GP and Primary and Care Trusts (PCTs) with local government services, by having a personalised service which is going to advice and support the public (Makely, 2005). For example, cancer support services are providing advice and support, not only in the cancer patients but also to their families. In the cancer support services, there should be work specialist who can provide individual support. Secondly, it aims to give to people more choice and a louder voice by providing them the ability to choose and influence social and primary care. Briefly, one of the suggestions is to present a GP practice list to the public, thus giving them the choice to get the information they want and understand what services are available in their ar ea. For the people who are not so confident using this list there are going to be GP practices to offer face to face communication in opening times. According to the NHS website (NHS The National Centre for Involvement, 2008), on April 2008 the LINks (Local Involvement Networks) was set up. These are networks that are run by local people and groups, who inquire peoples opinion, whilst monitoring the delivery of care and using their authority to oblige service to account on their actions. This is helpful in the better understanding of what the community necessitated from the commissioners and the managers of health and care services. The other aim is to try to do more on tackling inequalities and improving access to community services. That means that local health and social care commissioners will work together to understand and address local inequalities. Again, forums, websites and networks like the LINks are going to help these care providers, allow councils to access a wide rang e of views, helping to develop care pathways and with this way is going to improve the services and help people who need specific care and support such as people with particular needs like mothers, ethnic minorities, people at the end of their lives and others to get the service that they require (NHS The National Centre for Involvement, 2008). And the final aim is to support more the people with long-term needs like people with disabilities. Because they need to have a clear understanding of their condition and what they can do, so they are more likely to take control of their lives. This aim is going to be achieved by developing a programme which is going to give the information that the people with longterm health and social care needs and by developing assistive technologies to support these people in their own homes. For this aim, collaborative working will be necessary, since they have to deal with not only with health problems of the people with long-term needs but also with social problems. (Makely, 2005) A variety of professionals like psychologists, physicians, social supporters, counsellors are going to contribute in the best support of these people. Our health our care our say policy explores a variety of aspects on Janes story. It mostly covers general health and social issues. For example, the fact that Jane is a single mum and she does not work, the above policy is aiming to help these kind of people, by supporting them and finding them the appropriate service to help them. Despite the fact that Jane believes that she does not need any help from any support worker, I think a guidance and some financial support, will enable her to trust the system and make her keen in listening the professionals. Moreover, Jane smokes and drinks which aggravates her health problems considerably. It has been suggested to her, to go to local cessation group which was running by small team of nurses and physiotherapists, but she stopped attending to that appointments. Collaborative working between the services is necessary since they inform each other that Jane does not attend to that local group and in the radiotherapy treatment she misses a lot of appointments. The professionals that have worked with Jane, observed that changes mood and she sometimes goes to treatment drunk and she has an non- compliance behaviour. All this information is probably going to be discussed in MDT meetings, so they find some ways to help this mother so that she can realise the importance of her treatment. From Janes story, it is evident that even the radiotherapists want to help her, but they cannot, because as a free-will individual she demonstrates her unwillingness to not follow the instructions of the professionals and not listening at all what the professionals are telling her. It is evident therefore that, for effectively delivering health and social care services, is vital that professionals must work collaboratively and the service users to be actively involved in their own personal care. This position has been empirically accepted as a better method for conducting health and social care. The abovementioned, can be observed in the advancements made during recent years, as a result of carefully driven policies which tend to support public awareness of their medical condition, and encourages patient involvement in the process of their care. These policies also sustain that local inequalities should be eradicated, mainly through giving a stronger voice to patients; in this way enforcing patient involvement in their personal care. Nonetheless, despite the fact that these reform policies have introduced a considerable level of improvement towards a better health and social policy, the idea of a service user receiving the impeccable and ideal health care (ment ioned in the begging of the assignment) is still a long way to go. This is proven by genuine case studies like Janes, which is a great example of the ineffectiveness that some parts of the social and health care currently display. But one must take into account the progress of these policies, and anticipate even more improvement in the health care plan with the introduction of new policies, so that people like Jane can enjoy an effective health care. ? PART B REFLECTION ON MY DEVELOPEMENT NEEDS DOMAIN: Collaborative Working Description: During my placement, I had been asked to take an old lady in the transport services, since the support workers were busy. In the way to the transport services, the old lady said that she was feeling sick, and she threw up. At the same time a radiotherapist came and she asked me to help her with the care of this patient. I brought her some medication from the pharmacy. The radiotherapist then assigned me the responsibility to stay with her and take care of her, because she was needed to work back in the treatment machine. When I was sure that the patient could be left alone for a couple of minutes, I went to the reception and informed them on what happened and made sure that they were going to contact the transport services. The transport services arranged it and when the patient felt better, they took her home. Feelings: I felt proud for myself since I acted responsibly. I used my interpersonal skills and communicated successfully with the reception, so the transport services would be aware of the situation in time and arrange transport for the patient. Evaluation and analysis: Feeling the need to take the responsibility and take care the old lady, shows that I am more confident about myself and my skills. Also, the fact that the radiotherapist assigned me the care of the patient, demonstrates that she knew my skills and she believed in me. By accomplishing successfully this task I showed that I develop my interpersonal skills by communicate reception and make sure that the lady will go home safely without causing any trouble to other patients. Now I am able to say that I met the capability CW2 L1 Recognises the need for effective interpersonal skills to enhance person focused service. In the action plan (appendix) I introduced a series of actions to accomplish the Level 3 of this capability. DOMAIN: Reflection Description Feelings: I was observing, a radiotherapist doing a first day patient chat when the radiotherapist realised that the patient was not well informed about the side effects of the treatment since the doctor never talked about it. I was annoyed , when I realised that the patient signed the consent form but he did not know about the side effects since it is a big impact in patient life during and after radiotherapy, so I asked the radiotherapist after the patient left, why the doctor did not inform the patient and if that was appropriate. The radiotherapist told me that the specific doctor does it, because he knows that the radiotherapists are going to repeat the side effects. But it is still not appropriate since the patient must be well informed and fully aware before signing anything. Evaluation and analysis: I was aware of what the patient should know about his treatment when he is coming for the first day chat, is because I have seen a variety of first day chats and I had been in the clinics for a while with the doctor and the patients will they were signing the consent forms. It is showed that the experience I had help me to critical appraise the situation and ask for explanations why the patient was not aware properly. After this incident, I can prove that I am able to say that I met the capability R2 L1 Is aware of evidence-based practice in service delivery. DOMAIN: Cultural Awareness Ethical Practice Description: A patient needed a translator to communicate with us in the department. It was the first time I was in that situation and I observed what everybody did for that. They were using body language while they were speaking slowly. I was the one who brought the patient in the room. I was not aware of the situation of the patient and when I realised that he did not know any English I was shocked, however I did not show it and I waited to see how that situation would continue and how the staff and doctors would react. I escorted the patient into the room and identified him (Name, date of birth and first line of his address). Feelings: In the beginning, I did not know how to react in this kind of situation. When I was identifying the patient, I did not know where I should look at when I was making the questions, the patient or the translator? So I thought carefully what was more appropriate and I tried to watch both of them while I was identifying the patient, but mostly I was looking the patient since he was the service user. Evaluation and analysis: I found it quite a nice experience, mainly because it was surprised me the whole situation. In clinic room I was observing carefully what is going around me and how everybody was reacting so by the end of the meeting between the patient and the doctor, I would know how to react properly, too. I liked the way I reacted when I realised that the patient was not speaking English. I stayed calm and I reacted the way I was going to react with every other patient. I checked his ID and asked how he was feeling. I just felt a little uncomfortable when I didnt know where to look, the patient or the interpreter, so I was trying to look both of them. From the way that the doctor was reacting I learnt that I should look directly at the patient and talk to him. Nevertheless, there is a need to speak slower with more pauses so that the interpreter can translate correctly. Now I am able to say that I met the capability CAEP2 L1 Recognises examples where participation and inf ormed decision are critical in promoting the well being of people who use services and I have made an action plan for further development. DOMAIN: Organisational Competence Description Feelings: Last year, in the IIP module we worked through some activities. One of the activities was to get a scenario of a patient story and from there to conclude which services the patient should visit. With this activity, every member of the team was identifying his role in the scenario and from there we understand each others role in order to treat the patient. I was surprised by the knowledge that I gained with that activity. I learnt about the other professions role in the health and care community. Evaluation and analysis: It was satisfying gaining knowledge through activities. Now I am able to suggest to a patient which of the services to use to get the appropriate care for his/her problem. In addition for further development of my skills I made an action plan. (appendix). I met the capability OC2 L1 Is aware of team structures within the community of practice. ?

The Historical Progression of African Americans Essay -- American Hist

Permanent struggle for civil rights by the African Americans accompanied the historical progression of the African American society (Booker T. and Fitzhugh W. 2002). The African Americans had struggled for many years to have the same opportunities as the white Americans. During this time, there was a civil war aimed at liberating the African Americans who had been made slaves by the principal white Americans. However, the civil war did not improve the lives of the African Americans in America. The struggle for equal liberties was a journey that began in the year 1865 and ended in the year of 1876. Today, America is a powerful nation with a difficult past that holds a bright future. People of diverse ethnicities and backgrounds can share the same rights, positions of power, education, and all other functions that were once only for the white people of America. Though African Americans suffered tough injustices in previous years, their commitment and determination enabled them overcome the adversities that they faced on a daily basis and win their battle. Many aspects of African American life such as politics, culture and social development allowed African Americans to gain power in the United States over time. They had displayed much of the same qualities as the white workers in America and would prove that their former life as a slave would not deter them from becoming economically independent and successful in America. Although this did not happen immediately, it shows that they were determined and ready to lead normal lives and take their rightful places in society and in th e economy. Several factors had contributed to the historical progression of African Americans. Many social, cultural, eco... ...Nazarene movements. The African Americans built many churches and schools that further expanded their religious faith. Several changes took place during the historical progression of the African Americans. During the historical progression that started in 1865, changes occurred in social, political, economic and religious aspects of the African Americas. These changes took place at different times and each had different impacts to the lives of the African Americans. At first, African Americans were facing political, economic and social oppression from the white Americans. After a long period of struggle and determination, changes appeared in different aspects that made the lives of African Americans better. Oppression ended and the economic position of the African Americans improved since they had gained high literacy levels and could access better paying jobs.

Internal Conflict in a Tale of Two Cities †Sydney Carton Essay

Every novel in history has conflict. Without it, the plot is boring, and uninteresting. In the novel A Tale of Two Cities, a character that has conflict within himself is Sydney Carton. Sydney Carton takes a backseat to Mr. Stryver in the novel. In reality, he is much more than that. He falls in love with Lucie Manette, but many others do as well. Sydney has to fight to win Lucie’s love, but there is still a chance that none of it will matter. Sydney Carton is the assistant to Mr. Stryver, an attorney. Also, Sydney is an alcoholic. Sydney has basically wasted his entire life, which he regrets. In the novel, Sydney falls in love with Lucie Manette. Lucie is a young lady who is desirable to many of the young men in the novel. Sydney doesn’t openly admit that he is attracted to Lucie at first. Eventually, Sydney admits to himself, and even to Lucie, that he loves her. The only problem with Sydney being in love with Lucie is that she is sought-after by many men. The fact that Lucie is wanted by so many other people makes Lucie nearly impossible for Sydney to win over. The cause of the conflict with Sydney is that he loves Lucie, but many other men do as well. Not only is Sydney not good enough for her, but she has lots of choices. Sydney Carton is someone who is looked down upon by many of the characters in the novel. Sydney is an assistant to Mr. Stryver, another of Lucie’s suitors, Sydney is an alcoholic, and he regrets wasting his life and not making more of it. Nothing Sydney does now will change it, making it hard for him to win Lucie’s love. Also, Sydney has many people to compete with for Lucie’s love. Many of the men who want to win Sydney over have a better reputation than Sydney. Together, these create a big problem for Sydney in his quest to win the love of Lucie Manette. Although Sydney could have resolved the problem of not being good enough for her by completely changing who he was earlier on, there is no way he could have gone back and changed how he acted in the past. Sydney is a bright person, and he is much brighter that his boss, Mr. Stryver. Sydney is a lot smarter than Mr. Stryver, and basically does all of Mr. Stryver’s work for him. Sydney needs to step up and show Lucie who he truly is. He needs to show her that he is smart, and that he is worthy of her. If Lucie had known who Sydney Carton truly was from the beginning, her thoughts and feelings about him would most likely have been a lot different. If he really wanted to win Lucie over, Sydney should have broken away from Mr. Stryver, shown Lucie who he truly is, and swept her off her feet. Sydney Carton falls in love with Lucie Manette. Lucie does not love Sydney back, and not being good enough for Lucie creates much internal conflict for Sydney. If he had become a better person earlier on in his life, he might have a chance with her. Sydney is not happy with himself for wasting his life and messing up his chances of pleasing Lucie.

Free Essays on Theology And The Clash Of Civilizations

THEOLOGY AND THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS Peace will come not when any one terrorist and his network of secret agents have been "surgically" excised but when an authentic alternative vision has emerged within the House of Islam. JACK MILES, Senior Advisor to the President at the J. Paul Getty Trust and a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, is the author of Christ: A Crisis in the Life of God (Alfred A. Knopf). In the 1940s, the most important foreign policy intellectual in the United States was George F. Kennan. Kennan, who served briefly in the Truman Administration, was among the first to recognize that the United States could not defeat communism outright but could contain it and the nations infected by it, beginning with the Soviet Union. What came to be called the Cold War seems in retrospect to have been inevitable, but it was not inevitable at all. Instead of the Cold War, the world could all too easily have fought World War III. Containment was the bold and politically creative alternative to that war. The 1947 article in Foreign Affairs in which Kennan, writing as "X," first laid out containment as a strategy remains, unsurprisingly, the most popular article ever published in that periodical. In the 1990s, the most important foreign policy intellectual in the United States may yet prove to have been Samuel P. Huntington. The second-most-popular article in the history of Foreign Affairs has been his controversial 1993 "The Clash of Civilizations," an attempt to see what lay beyond the end of Kennan's Cold War. What Huntington saw was, on the one hand, economic and cultural globalization and, on the other, resistance to it by those who saw it as merely the latest form of Western, historically Christian, and at this late date specifically American imperialism. Though Huntington noted that many non-Western powers had cast their lot with the emerging global order, it seemed equally clear to him that China and ... Free Essays on Theology And The Clash Of Civilizations Free Essays on Theology And The Clash Of Civilizations THEOLOGY AND THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS Peace will come not when any one terrorist and his network of secret agents have been "surgically" excised but when an authentic alternative vision has emerged within the House of Islam. JACK MILES, Senior Advisor to the President at the J. Paul Getty Trust and a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, is the author of Christ: A Crisis in the Life of God (Alfred A. Knopf). In the 1940s, the most important foreign policy intellectual in the United States was George F. Kennan. Kennan, who served briefly in the Truman Administration, was among the first to recognize that the United States could not defeat communism outright but could contain it and the nations infected by it, beginning with the Soviet Union. What came to be called the Cold War seems in retrospect to have been inevitable, but it was not inevitable at all. Instead of the Cold War, the world could all too easily have fought World War III. Containment was the bold and politically creative alternative to that war. The 1947 article in Foreign Affairs in which Kennan, writing as "X," first laid out containment as a strategy remains, unsurprisingly, the most popular article ever published in that periodical. In the 1990s, the most important foreign policy intellectual in the United States may yet prove to have been Samuel P. Huntington. The second-most-popular article in the history of Foreign Affairs has been his controversial 1993 "The Clash of Civilizations," an attempt to see what lay beyond the end of Kennan's Cold War. What Huntington saw was, on the one hand, economic and cultural globalization and, on the other, resistance to it by those who saw it as merely the latest form of Western, historically Christian, and at this late date specifically American imperialism. Though Huntington noted that many non-Western powers had cast their lot with the emerging global order, it seemed equally clear to him that China and ...

Ideas of Yet Unknown Origin essays

Ideas of Yet Unknown Origin essays A Critical Analysis of David Humes Of the Origin of Ideas The second sort of philosophy, practiced by Aristotle and Locke, among others, is abstruse and accurate. It studies the human being as a reasoner rather than doer. Its issue is metaphysics, which yields the most general first principles of things. Unfortunately, it is not popular for several reasons. One is that the deep thinking it requires plunges people into melancholy. Hume himself was afflicted with this depression, which he found he could only relieve by socializing with his friends. Another is misunderstanding. Abstruse philosophy is seen as a cover for ignorance or superstition. The solution is to keep the spirit of accuracy but make it easy, not abstruse. Such was Hume's goal. David Hume, seemingly striking the anvil between the descent of the popular philosophical pursuits of the day and the birth of Newtonian Science, was an outstanding philosopher not because of his achievements, but because of his mode. He was a dedicated historian particularly to Great Britain, and compiling various volumes, he maintained a soldiers strife, but ironically died the year of 1776. His closest critics called him irrational, a man of positivism, and worst, an atheist, which was near damnable in his days, but commitment to his pursuit of empirical truths have come to revere his name since. Compared to the brilliant Roger Bacon because of his similar use of the English language as his main utility, and of the same likes as Locke and Berkeley in his progression towards mapping out humanitys mental geography, Hume came to oppose Plato and Descartes concluding that sensory perceptions were the most certain of our experiences. Within one of David Humes greatest works, An Enquiry Concerning the Human Understanding, in Section II: Of the Origin of Ideas, he expresses a more concise and simplified version of John...

The Business of Sport and Entertainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Business of Sport and Entertainment - Essay Example (Fullen, pg 287, 2006) The PESTEL analysis for this theatre is one of an important task, which should be done in an orderly manner in order to generate better outcomes. (Grant, pg 551, 2002) All the external factors should be properly measured and all the areas should be covered in order to know all the external factors, which can harm this theatre, and those factors, which can be the positive as well as useful for this theatre. All the factors should be considered well before the working of any project, in order to overcome any upcoming problem. (Babette, pg 228, 2008) The political element directly refers to political stability in any nation or country and also explains the political support for any business, direct or indirect. Main issues concerned with Rose Theatre are funds related, the theatre management has asked Kingston Council for around  £600,000 a year of council taxpayers’ and there are political pressures against proposal also (Surrey Comet, 11th November 2008). On the other hand, an economic element refers to the degree of market stability as well as freedom. There are other factors also to understand like how much the business is costing and how much it can generate to keep competitive. In the case of Rose Theatre the Kingston Borough Council has been supportive and has provided funds worth  £5m and also supported in other ways, now is the turn for the theatre to generate audience and money to keep running (Billington, 6 December, 2004). The social element refers to the demographic factor of any country or nation. Rose Theatre has one feature which is uncommon, it accommodates people at low prices to take front space and settle on cushions to watch plays. It attracts a large audience because of its status as one of the best theatres in town and has had many big names step onto its stage for productions (Britton & Worthington, p.181, 2009). The