Computing technology in aircraft design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Computing technology in aircraft design - Essay Example It also discuss the advantages such as reduced production cost, improved time management, advanced method of quality control system, product consistency, in time to market and improved customer satisfaction. Aircraft design is a useful field that provides itself to objective design methods and, especially, optimization skill. Nearly all major aerospace design institutes employ computer-based optimization tools, mainly at the early design phase. Usually, the overall objective task used is total life-cycle cost (LCC) of the product. In the early design stage computer-based optimization technique allow a very broad search of the design space. Later, due to the current limits of optimization tools, searching are conducted using manual or ‘computer assisted’ process and, as a result, the search becomes noticeably more expensive and time consuming (Pugh 1996). The search space is narrowed down to a small number of design concepts that are explored in greater depth. At each stage of this process, the minimization of LCC remains the overall target (Southampton e-Science Wiki, 2006). The Boeing Commercial Airplane Company (BCAC) commenced testing with computerized transmission of aircraft design data between engineering groups. It is characteristic for several engineering groups, positioned at different company plants throughout the country, to work on an aircraft drawing as it develops from initial shapes to a final, dimensioned, explained, part. Traditionally, these drawings had always been prepared manually using drafting tables and conveyed between plants via company inter-office mail. By the introduction of early computerized drawing techniques and the accessibility of quality Interactive Computer Graphic (ICG) systems BCAC management decided to replace, both the manual drafting and inter-office mailing of aircraft design drawings.

The messages of An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

The messages of An Inspector Calls Essay An Inspector Calls is a classic play written by J B Priestly shortly before World War II ended. The play however, is set in 1912, which is shortly before the First World War. The play is set in an industrial city in the Midlands of 1912 concerns a wealthy industrialist Arthur Birling, the fianci Gerald Croft, The Birling family and an Inspector. It shows how the family each help to destroy a young womans life Eva Smith through their selfish and callous attitudes, which results in her death. The play takes place in the Birlings dining room where the family are celebrating the engagement of Sheila to Mr Gerald Croft. The dining room is the setting in which the whole play takes place in. As the play takes place in one place only the effects can be later seen within the play and dramatised versions as it creates a sense of Claustrophobia amongst audiences as the play becomes more intense later on when the inspector arrives. Arthur Birling believed he was a fair employer paying only what he had to and no more. If asked for a raise he would say it was his duty to keep costs low and prices high. Eva Smith, an employee was sacked with other colleagues seen as a ringleader for going on strike. It is this arrogance that Priestly was concerned about, he conveys Mr Birling as an arrogant, pompous and greedy man with no sympathy for the lower classes. Eva Smith was one of them. Shed had a lot to say, far too much- so she had to go here we see the blindness of Arthur Birling which can, to some extent be related to events in those times. In 1912 people were divided very subjectively into different classes and social groups. Priestly wanted to make audiences aware of the arrogance and in some sense fear in the upper classes for those lower down in the social and economic ladder. Rubbish! If you dont come down sharply on these people, theyd soon be asking for the earth. This quote from Arthur Birling strengthens the statement above and shows that Mr Birling is a selfish man who fuelled by his greed. The reason why the celebration takes place in the first place is because of his daughters engagement to Mr Gerald Croft of Crofts Limited. Through his daughters engagement to Gerald Croft he sees a new business opportunity in the making: And now youve bought us together we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but are working together- for lower costs and higher prices! This quote shows and presents the question of if Mr Birling was interested in the engagement for sentimental reasons or just for business Your just the type of son-in-law I wanted .

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education It is often heard that two brains are better than one. And the idea of such makes perfect sense. One would suppose that by working together, more will be accomplished. But does this apply to a school, its administrators and teachers, and its students? As stated in this article, data was provided, hypotheses were assumed, and studies were completed to see if, in fact, collective responsibility does have promising impacts. Throughout the course of this essay, the importance of collective responsibility within a school and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students will be examined, tested, and discussed. What is collective responsibility? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy refers to collective responsibility as a shared responsibility (Smiley, 2005). This definition is displayed similarly in a school. Collective responsibility is all members of the school (including but not limited to administrators, teachers, counselors) accepting responsibility for the students success or lack thereof. Authors Valerie E. Lee (an associate professor of education at the University of Michigan) and Julia B. Smith (an assistant professor of education administration and school reform at the University of Rochester) conducted an experiment to determine if the organization of teachers work influences students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This study focused on three theories: the before mentioned collective responsibility for student learning, staff cooperation, and control over classroom and school work conditions (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states that it is important for a secondary school to bur eaucratically distribute knowledge into partitions with each group having its own set of experts. For example, teachers would undertake the role of knowledge experts. With this, teachers will be cooperating amongst one another in order to improve upon past teaching methods in hopes gaining student achievement. These educators will not only benefit from face to face interaction with their colleagues, but they will also take part in teamwork. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Lastly, the authors of this article believe that distributing control will produce more effective decision makers as teachers. This idea of empowerment suggests that decision making over resources, technical skills, and curriculum knowledge be handled properly by administrators and teachers. While there is no known relationship between teacher control and student outcome, there is a connection between teacher control and his or her attitude about his or her efficiency in the classroom. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article sta tes, empowering teachers would induce commitment, and commitment would in turn influence student learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). To understand more about collective responsibility, a study was completed to focus on the shared boundary between teachers, students, and schools (Lee and Smith, 1996). The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between teachers work lives and the extent to which their students learn. Three hypotheses were presumed relating to the following subjects: responsibility and demographics, the teacher and his or her work life, and the teachers work life and equity. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The first hypothesis suggested that schools where teachers assume responsibility for learning enroll students who typically do better in school (Lee and Smith, 1996). These schools are said to be those with more privileged students according to their race, social class, or ability. Understandably, teachers would be more likely to accept acknowledgment for their students achievements if they are learning well. Conversely, teachers would be less like to accept blame for their students failures and pass the responsibility onto the children and their families. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The second hypothesis theorized that in schools where teachers take more respons ibility for the results of the teaching students learn more. In schools characterized by high levels of staff collaboration and teacher control, students also learn more. (Lee and Smith, 1996). And the third hypothesis suggested that features of teachers work live may either facilitate or debilitate the learning of disadvantaged students. Specificallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ high levels of responsibility for learning are associated with learning that is equitably distributed within the school according to students social background. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These hypotheses were tested. Following are detailed descriptions of the method used to conduct this study. The sampling design was derived from a sample used in the first and second waves of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) (Lee and Smith, 1996). NELS:88 was sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and is an all-purpose analysis of United States students and schools. The article discloses that one thousand middle grade schools (about 25 students in the eighth grade from each school) were tested in 1988. These same students (tracked through questionnaires) were tested again in 1990. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This sample included all NELS sophomores the fit the following criteria: Students must have full cognitive test data from the base year and the first follow up, Data must be available from their high schools and their teachers, Students had to be enrolled in public, Catholic, or elite private high schools, and Students must have been attending high school with at least four other NELS sampled students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the conditions were applied, 11,692 students from 820 different schools were studied. These schools consisted of 650 public schools, 68 Catholic schools, and 47 independent schools. (Lee and Smith, 1996). There were also certain criteria for the teachers of the students. In the base year the teacher sample was comprised of either the eighth graders mathematics or science teacher and either the English or social studies teacher (Lee and Smith, 1996). The teachers were subject-matched when the students reached the tenth grade in the first follow up according to the base year. Below is a pie chart of how the subjects mathematics, science, English, and social studies were distributed as a major subject area amongst the teachers. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Four measures were assessed as part of the teachers professional community. They are 1) collective responsibility for student learning, 2) the standard deviation of teachers responsibility for student learning, 3) cooperation and support among teachers and administrators, and 4) teacher control. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The outcomes from the base test and the follow up test were altered with item response theory (IRT) methods and ultimately compared to see the difference between the two tests. This difference was referred to as the gain score.. In science and social studies, the outcomes were equal from the base test to the follow up test. However, in mathematics and English, the follow up tests had to be adjusted to fit the students capabilities. Demographic measures included the students social class, minority status, and gender and the schools average social class, minority concentration, ability level, academic emphasis, and sector. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The analytic approach provided a descriptive analysis of teachers work lives. The schools were grouped into three categories: 1) high levels of collective responsibility for learning, 2) average levels of collective responsibility for learning, and 3) low levels of collective responsibilities for learning, based on the standard deviation above, within, or below the mean. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the research had been completed, the results were presented. To understand the results, one must observe the tables presented in the article. When considering the descriptive differences among students in schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for student learning, note that the students are categorized into three groups based upon the levels of collective responsibility structure throughout the school they are attending: high-responsibility, average responsibility, and low responsibility (Lee and Smith, 1996). The students attending high responsibility schools calculate to a total of 1,226 students, or 10.5%, while the students attending average responsibility schools is a much greater total of 8,801 students, or 75.3%. Lastly, students attending low responsibility schools fall between high responsibility schools and average responsibility schools with 1,665 students, or 14.2%. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These outcomes can be found in table one in the article. Table two in the article display information regarding descriptive differences among schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). Again, the levels of collective responsibility are sorted into three groups: schools with high levels of collective responsibility, schools with average levels of collective responsibility, and schools with low levels of collective responsibility. The number of schools filed in the high levels of collective responsibility is 134, or 16.3%, whereas the number of schools sorted into the average levels of collective responsibility is a significantly larger number of 548 schools, or 66.9%. The schools with low levels of collective responsibility rest slightly higher than those with high levels but considerably lower than those with average levels of collective responsibility at 138 schools, or 16.8%. The tables go on to show that

Judicial Activism and The Defense of Civil Rights :: American Government, Courts, Public Policies

Since its first appearance in 1947 in Fortune Magazine, the term Judicial Activism has promoted incandescent debates about the rule of courts in public policy, however to date there is not a consensus of what judicial activism really means. The term may denote a pejorative description of judicial behavior or in other instances the sophisticated elaboration of judicial concepts. (Roosevelt III 2006:1) Since 1947 the term have been used extensively in magazines, newspapers and law reviews, by 1990 was used in average 450 times a year, appeared in 3815 law review articles and several other publications (Kmiec, 2004). After the election of president Obama the term use of the term have been even more extensive, his two Supreme Court nominees have been labeled with the scarlet letter of activism by respected law gazettes like American Bar Association (ABA) journal and the Northwestern University Law Review. Yet the debate about the meaning of the term remains unclear. However the involvement of the courts in policy making is not a recent phenomenon as some media outlets aim to portrait. Since the first use of judicial review by the Supreme Court in Marbuty v Madison (1803) the Supreme Court have exercised judicial review to overthrow 160 federal status and more than a 1000 federal laws (Tarr 2009, p258). Some of the most these cases have important legal implication in the defense of fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, (United States vs Nixon 1973), due process (Brown vs Board of Education 1954) and prisoner’s rights (James v Wallace 1974). Courts are also involved in the defense of civil rights contesting majority ruled decision. Gamble (1997) illustrated this case clearly in her study of court’s rule against referendum mandates affecting minority rights. Gamble stated that between 1959 and 1993 there were 74 ballot measures that clearly targeted minority rights; most of these ballot initiatives deal with issues such as housing segregation, gay rights, school desegregation, English among others. From the 74 measures mentioned by Gambel, 53 (78 percent) generated a form of repression of exclusion against minority groups. Analyzing this results Gamble argued that â€Å"the record show[ed] that American voters readily repeal existing civil rights protections and enthusiastically enact laws that bar their elected representatives from passing new ones. By repeatedly striking down the latter, the judicial system has vigilantly protected the rights of minorities to participate in the political process† (Gambel 1997:262) Judges have been involved in policy making, not just protecting of civil rights, but in filling the gaps overlooked by the law.

Motivating collegiate student-athletes Essay

Motivating athletes is one of the major problems a coach faces. Even the most talented athlete will not perform to his full potential if not properly motivated. Coaches have sought to define what motivates an athlete and what hampers it for years. Motivation directly influences an athlete’s performance. It sets his mood and outlook towards the game or competition. It determines his level of dedication to the sport. Motivation does not only affect the individual player but also his team. It is important that all the members of the team be motivated individually to ensure team motivation. Motivation can also shift. An athlete who was highly motivated at the start of the season may find that his drive to play is dwindling. It is these problems that coaches need to address. This paper tackles the problem of motivating collegiate student-athletes. The key areas of focus will be defining the best type of motivation for collegiate student-athletes and building a structure to incorporate motivation into the coach’s overall program by using the proper tools of goal setting and visualization. A. Intrinsic Motivation Motivation can take two forms: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic motivation involves â€Å"engaging in an activity as a means to an end† (Higgins & Trope, 1986). This end referred to by Higgins & Trope (1986), take the form of rewards. Factors like popularity, trophies, jackets or jerseys identifying the wearer as part of a sports team, extrinsically motivate student-athletes. While extrinsic motivation is a good start, it does not ensure the consistent and long term drive coaches seek for (Schone, 2008). Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to the drive of a student to engage in an activity because he wants to (Taylor & Wilson, 2005). The satisfaction derived from playing the game itself is the motivating factor. As Burton and Raedeke (2008) put it, â€Å"intrinsically motivated athletes play for the love of the game. † It is this type of motivational environment that coaches should create for their athletes. How does a coach achieve such an environment? According to Martens (2004), sports psychologists have identified the two key needs of an athlete: having fun and feeling worthy. Having Fun Burton and Raedeke (2008) explained that having fun and developing skills were rated as the top reasons why athletes participate in a sport. On the other hand, Garret (2008) pointed out that one of the reasons why female student-athletes quit sports is because â€Å"the experience ceased being fun. † Having fun does not mean goofing around. Fun is striking a balance between skill and challenge (Burton & Raedeke, 2008). Without that balance, the result would either be boredom, where the skill outweighs the challenge, or anxiety, where the challenge outweighs the skill (United States Tennis Association, 2004). Therefore, it is the job of the coach to identify the level of skill of each player and develop a challenging training program that will develop the team’s skills but not overwhelm them. Following are some ways suggested by numerous writers (e. g. Burton & Raedeke, 2008; Garret, 2008; La Prath, 2008;) to keep training fun: ? Offer variety. Make practices stimulating by varying the exercises and drills given to the athletes. Do not make the training program a routine. Consistency is important however introducing changes will keep athletes sharp. It also helps to change the practice environment. Holding training sessions at the beach or in a park instead of the school gymnasium will be enjoyable for student-athletes. ? Keep all players busy. Make sure that everyone is doing something instead of waiting for long periods of time for his or her turn to practice. Breaks in between practice should be short as well. Giving athletes too much lag time increases boredom. To make sure everyone is participating break the team in to groups where each group is given a specific activity to do or made to compete against each other. Following the first tip, make the groupings diverse. Groupings can be done according to skill or even according to year level or favorite sports celebrity. ? Involve the team. Listening to the inputs or opinions of a student-athlete can help improve not only the performance of the team but also of the coach. It also gives the athlete a sense of investment in the team, ensuring the maintenance of his interest in the sport and in his team. Coaches can involve student-athletes by offering a practice day where the players themselves can devise their own training program. Giving the team an opportunity to formulate strategies to win the game is another way. Even simple things like letting them design their own jackets or jerseys will give them a sense of involvement in the decision making process. ? Give the team time to play. For every training session allot time for the team to play without receiving instruction or evaluation from the coach. Give the athletes a chance to engross themselves in the game. Hearing constant instruction hampers experience of flow. ? Train student-athletes to cope with stress. It is inevitable that an athlete will experience stress. Pressure to achieve in both sports and academics is high in a competitive college environment. The athlete must learn how to deal with this and manage the anxiety accompanied with it. Coping with stress can be done through affirmation, positive reinforcement, and teaching a student that down time is also vital to their health. An hour of rest can energize a student. Sleeping at the correct time and for the proper length of time, eating the right food and taking the appropriate vitamins are ways to minimize stress. ? Incorporate teambuilding activities. Important in team sports is getting the individual players in sync with each other. Without activities that foster friendships you would not have a team but a group of individuals playing together. Building camaraderie would not only enhance the performance of the team but the individual players as well.

Research Paper on Linux vs Windows

Research Paper on Linux vs Windows Linux is a free operating system which was created by an college student for a project for school. He combined a collection of free software and shareware that he downloaded from the Internet, to make an operating system. Linux is unique in that it is not copy righted but is copy left. This simply means that anyone can download Linux and is source code for free and make any adjustments they believe will improve the operating system as long as they make it  available for others to download. This feature can very well be the key that will eventually make Linux the most desirable operating system on the market. Many computer users feel that Windows will never be removed from the position that it has gained in the market. Windows was the first major operating system that used a graphical user interface. It did away with the task of remembering a list of Dos commands to accomplish normal computer activities. With Windows, a user simply has to click on an icon to accomplish a task. Without Windows, personal computers would probably not be as popular as they are today. Linux has several major advantages over Windows. The biggest advantage is probably the cost. Its free as opposed to $400 for Windows. Application software for Linux is also a lot cheaper then Windows software. A lot of Linux software can be  downloaded free off the Internet. There are many Linux user groups that work on developing and testing applications, and making them available for the public. Windows software is mainly developed by large corporations that must make a big profit off their software in order to fulfill their large payrolls. Another major advantage of Linux is the technical support. While you will  probably have to pay for a support package, you will be getting very good support. The people who support Linux are not just college students working a part-time job. They use Linux on an every day basis and truly care about fixing your problems. With Windows, however, tech support is usually free but very lousy. A lot of times the tech-support doesn’t even use the application they are supporting unless they are at work and can only answer questions on which they can find documentation. One disadvantage of Linux is trying to load it. Windows comes with a wizard that installs with very little user input, which makes it very easy to install especially for the average computer user with no technical education. Linux requires hardware knowledge and some Dos commands. The instillation process is very interactive. However, this is rapidly changing, Linux programmers at Redhat are working on creating a wizard to install the operating system and soon it might be easier to install than Windows. Linux is also great for networking, it can be configured to share CPU’s modems and any other hardware. Linux comes shipped with all the software needed to create a very powerful server. It comes with a Mail server, Internet server, Database server, C++ programming tools and many other development tools that you would have to buy separately with Windows NT. Linux is not just an college project anymore, it has advanced into a very powerful and useful operating system. Many say it is just a matter of time till it bypasses Windows and Macintosh. It will probably gain popularity very rapidly in the next 5 years as it becomes easier to install by an average user on a personal computer.

College Essay Editing

College Essay Editing College Essay Editing What is College Essay Editing About? College essay editing is the final step of college essay writing process. During this stage, you need to check your college essay for grammar, spelling, content, logic, and many other aspects of academic writing which have strong impact on the final grade for your assignment. Therefore, you need to devote sufficient attention to college essay editing if you want to get a good reward for your efforts and time invested into the process of writing. This article will help you edit your college essay effectively. If you want to get professional assistance with college essay editing, you may also turn to our experienced college essay editors and writers and have your writing thoroughly proofread and edited. You do not want to fail your college essay, do you? Because of poor editing and proofreading, many essays fail. If you do not want to get a poor grade because of grammar mistakes, lack of transitions between paragraphs, and other minor formatting errors and discrepancies, you need to sit down and to spend an hour on college essay editing. You need to pay close attention to the following aspects of your written work: Grammar should be perfect. As a college student, you have no right to make grammar mistakes Writing style should be appropriate for your academic level, you should follow all requirements Organization should be logical and flow from one idea to another, you should add transitions Format should be academic, you should have introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusions Punctuation should be correct and fit all rules, you should double-check the punctuation in your college essay: Get your college essay edited by professionals! College essay editing is one of the aspects of academic writing which has strong impact on your final grade. There are many ways to edit your college essay properly. One of the most effective and efficient ways to edit your college essay is to try professional services of experienced editors. For example, our essay writing editing company offers college essay editing service to students who want to get their essays polished by real experts. Our editing services are rather cheap and you save money with us. Moreover, college essay editing gets cheaper along with deadline. It means that you pay less for longer deadlines and have an opportunity to save your money while still getting the best college essay. Popular on our blog: Research Paper Ideas Psychology Research Papers How to Write a Research Paper Free Research Papers Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Good Students = Good Grades †Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student

Good Students = Good Grades – Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student 10 Ways to Become A Good Student Good Student Equals Good Grades We pretty much still define a good student as one who gets good grades. While this may seem a bit narrow for a definition, it is what it is. We could argue that a good student is one who does not just accept what he is told by a professor or a text book, who questions the status quo, who has mastered course content even though his assignments and test don’t show that, and who is able to think outside the box of normal content and learning activities. Bill Gates was not a particularly â€Å"good† student, for example; Einstein was a terrible student. But, if you want the grades that will impress future employers, you have to do those things that will make you a â€Å"good† student in the eyes of the people who give you those grades. Here’s 10 ways to be that â€Å"good† student. Attitudes You Must Have Drive. Sometimes this is called a high level of ambition. The point is, you have to be committed to getting the best grade possible in every course and to doing what it takes to get that. You Must Have Persistence. We never have to be persistent when things come easily. It’s when we fail and we have to start again or when we don’t understand something that persistence kicks in, if we have it. There will definitely be times when you fail and when you don’t â€Å"get† something. Do you give up or do you stick with it until you do it right or understand it? Know When You Need Help. A â€Å"good† student will know when he cannot master a skill or content and when s/he will not be able to fulfil an assignment. And that student will then take steps to get the help that is necessary. Maybe you form a study group; maybe you meet with your professor or TA to get additional help; perhaps you can find a fellow students who can help you. Take Responsibility. Good students understand that they have to get homework done and get all assignments in on time. They know they have to study for exams. And they make certain that they do these things. Develop Flexibility. You will be exposed to a great variety of teaching styles, professor personalities, and types of learning activities. You will need to adapt to all of this variety, â€Å"changing gears† as is called for by a situation. Behaviors Attend Class. Important stuff goes in class. You can’t re-attend a lecture; you can’t generate notes from nowhere, and you can’t capture anything on a whit board once it has been erased. If you have to miss a class, be certain that you get the notes from a trusted peer. Don’t Procrastinate. Waiting to the last minute, especially to write your essays and papers, is a dangerous game. What if you haven’t finished your research and there is an Internet outage? What if you get sick? Get a calendar and a schedule, and construct a timeline for completing each step of a major assignment. Take Notes as You Read Your Texts. If you do this, and put them in a folder along with your lecture notes, you will have everything you need when it comes time to study for an exam. If you don’t do this, you will be re-reading that text, and that is really a waste of valuable time. Find a Good Writing Service. Even the most organized student will sometimes face a crisis and realize that all of those essays and papers simply cannot be completed on time. That's when they will ask "write my essay in 12 hours"  It is re-assuring to know that you have an essay helper that you can trust to come through for you. Use Technology. Record or video lectures; take screen shots of everything that is presented visually Get tools and apps that will keep you organized and format your papers for you and that will remind you when things are due. Get a good grammar checker and plagiarism detection software. If you cannot establish a study group on campus, use one of the online study group options Find a good app that you can use to make flash cards. These are great study devices. If you want good grades, then you have to accept the traditional definition of a â€Å"good† student. Hopefully, you will also learn to question and think outside the box. And a bonus tip? Call your parents even when you don’t need money!

Music and Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music and Painting - Essay Example Both music and painting are the visualizations of a theme. The painter or the musician through their works expresses the theme in their own style and pattern. For example, a musician who wanted to create a happy or thrilling mood among audience will make use of fast and pleasant music notes. On the other hand a painter who wanted to portray the dark side of our life may make use of colors like black and gray or a mixture of colors to express his ideas. Both music and painting are mood creative art forms. The person who witnesses the painting or hearing the music will definitely change his moods. For example it is often argued that hearing music will reduce stress and in some cases music therapy can be effective in curing some stress related diseases. Music always changes the moods of the listener. The listener will be forced to follow the moods generated by the music. For example, a person who listens a sad music will be in that mood while who listens fast numbers might be in a thrilling mood. On the other hand watching good paintings will also changes the moods of a person. Good paintings will force the person who watches it to think in terms of the theme provided by the painting. Or in other words paintings always lead us to another forgotten world of our life. Music is an audible art while painting is a visual art. We are using our eyes to enjoy the artistic works while we are utilizing our ears to enjoy the music. Our senses ar e responsible for creating positive and negative thoughts in our minds. It is only through our senses the brain identify the surroundings. Music and painting can enlighten our visible and audible senses.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Assignment - Essay Example Some of the continuous changes in the environment these organizations operate in include international competition, increasing acquisitions and mergers, reformations of individual organizations, and technological advances as identified by Dowling & Welch (2004). The implications of these changes on various aspects of the organization vary depending on the individual organization, however, for international corporations that experience the impact of these changing dynamic environments it is necessary to adopt a greater level of flexibility and search for novel sources of competitive advantage. As mentioned above, skills and core competencies are regarded as the key elements essential for driving effective innovation and desired change, and therefore are the major source of competitive advantage (Gratton, 2000). As highlighted by Boxall and Purcell (2003), these changes do indeed qualify knowledge work and employee skills. In tandem, this offers the suggestion that Human Resource Devel opment (HRD) is the core function around which Multinational Corporations (MRCs) succeed and maintain competitive advantage. Although all organizations are bound in such external environments, particular organizational features put emphasis on some important disparities in the role profiles of the people who have been tasked with carrying out the operations in each specific organization. It is widely held that the prevailing competitive environmental condition and appreciation of the significance of knowledge and learning to gain a competitive edge are increase the status and power of the HRD function and lead to the emergence of varied opportunities for HRD professionals (Boud and Garrick, 2001: Carter, Hirsh and Aston, 2002: Harrison, 2006). The increasing challenges manifest in the organizational structure of MNCs lead to the creation of distinctive roles for HR and HRD professionals that are not available in domestic organizations or the national context (Peterson and Thomas, 20 07). This paper therefore discusses the role played by the HRD function in MNCs in an international context concerning the changing environmental circumstances that have been highlighted above. In addition, draws on the conclusion that the role of HRD in maintaining a competitive advantage in a global stage has become greater than ever before, and is mainly influenced by the international factors that come into play. The International Context and the Role of HRD in MNCs The extant surge in globalization has been identified as a central environmental factor that continues to shape the operations of HRD professionals in MNCs across the world. Globalization entails a large quantity of issues such as the growth in international, multinational and transnational organizations’ advances in technology, mergers, acquisitions, ad strategic alliances. Short and Callahan (2005) state that in the quest for organizations to go global or maintain their position at the international stage, t hey are likely to turn to HRD professional to offer advice and support on the most viable strategies and practices to adopt. However, globalization forces the HRD function of such organizations to transform their way of thinking about the nature radically, role and tools of people development in order to remain competitive. The methods, therefore, adopted by the HRD function in MNCs is mainly influenced by the decision of the organization to lean toward international convergence, divergence or to operate as a transnational

Nuclear Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nuclear Medicine - Essay Example The patients to undergo nuclear medicine procedures do not require undergoing any special programs before the procedure, except, in cases involving gastro-intestinal system. In this situation, the patient is subjected to fasting four hours prior to the procedures (Murray, 2009). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can examine body chemistry and is applied in medical tests as CT and MR scans. The test shows more information on the body organs like their current state of functioning and their structure. Hybrid scanning techniques employ X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique sees the structure of an organ with 0.5 mm resolution but nuclear medicine uses 5.0 mm resolution to observe metabolism(Ramer, 2008) Indium white blood cell scans by the nuclear medicine helps determine the structure of the blood cells and how they are functioning.This scan aids in detection of cancer and any malfunction in the cells. Scientifically, nuclear fusion produces power as an energy resource. This occurs in a nuclear reactor where fusion in the nucleolus of radioactive material helps produce a lot of power transmitted and distributed for different uses. Energy produced from these materials is obtained by an action of splitting uranium into two by action of a neutron. This leads to radiations and heat evolved from atom and the reaction is fission(Murray, 2009). The process of nuclear fission involves the conversion of uranium into pellets and into rods. Lots of water is required to cool the uranium rods. When the rods emerge from the water, they produce lots of heat controlled by raising or lowering them from the water surface. To obtain more heat we raise them further way from the water. The heat produces steam that runs power-generating turbines(Morris, 2006) III. The method of power production is environmental friendly and does not contribute to global warming. The Nuclear fission

Life safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life safety - Essay Example Some people believe that someone at the toilet stated the fire. The cause of the fire is officially undetermined (KRAJICEK, 2014). Inexplicably, the show had no fire apparatus in place. There were 50 fire extinguishers in store as well as 4 circus fire trucks parked a quarter mile from the tent. No fire men had been assigned to the show. The municipal was found to have inadequacies; however, the fury of the city had been focused on the circus (KRAJICEK, 2014). There were a slew of fire code changes as a result of the event, for instance the use of flame retardant tents, fire extinguishers were required 50-100 ft as well as having CT state police and the local fire department at hand, at any under tent performances. It as well lead to the burn on using pyrotechnic as well as flame acts in the presence of audiences with no approval by means of state or local permit processes (KRAJICEK, 2014). â€Å"The Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure† happened to be a haunted house attraction which was at Six Flags Adventure Enjoyment Park in the Jackson Township in New Jersey. It was on the 11th of May 1984 when 18 teenage visitors within this attraction only to lose their lives after the castle caught up on fire. Six Flags Great Adventure as well as its parent company, the Six Flags, were charged with manslaughter, accused of having recklessly causing death through failure to take adequate safety measures against the fire. The prosecution did argue that there lacked an adequate active fire protection system such as sprinklers and smoke detectors which the accused had ignored even after repeated warnings. The accused argued that it was arson and no measures would have helped in saving lives. They were found to be innocent of the matter (Kathleen, 2014). There was response from fire fighters from surrounding 11 communities. Causes of death were carbon monoxide poisoning and smoke inhalation. The fires lead to several other haunted house

Hart-Devlin Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hart-Devlin Debate - Essay Example However, the law is not against the private lives of people and the activities they undertake in private. Therefore, a law cannot be imposed that interferes with the private lives of people. The report by the committee sparked a reaction from Patrick Devlin. Devlin in his discussion on â€Å"the enforcement of morals† argued that criminal law is not only meant to protect individuals but the entire society. Therefore, if people are engaged in activities that are against the society norms should be criminated. He further argued that criminal law should not only protect criminal activities that directly affect people, but rather should protect society from adverse effects imposed by individuals both in public and in private (Cane 22). Herbert Hart reacted against the argument of Devlin in a radio broadcast. Hart argued with regard to the â€Å"harm principle† by J. S Mills. He argued that the only reason in which power can be correctly exercised over any individual in soci ety against his will is, to ensure no harm imposed to others by the individual (Cane 23). An argumentative debate between the two individuals ensued, both of them believing their side of the argument to be reasonable. Devlin argued that the society supposed to be united by legal and moral conducts. Therefore, any actions that jeopardizes society’s norms should be criminated (Cane 24). The society supposed to impose its morality so that cultural values and believes can be maintained. Hart argued against this argument claiming that Devlin did not provide factual evidence of his arguments. Hart claimed that society norms are widely used; therefore, using them to deny a group of people to conduct their private activities is not respecting the morals of individuals. Some contributions made regarding the subject of law and morals of society (Cane 25). Therefore, in order to establish a valid argument of the case standards ought to be set and difference between harm and moral standa rds should be established. In addition, a relationship between law and morality should also be discussed in details. The debate sparked by the report established by wolfenden committee. The committee was established to put in consideration the law governing prostitution and male homosexual behavior. Nonetheless, the debate that ensued concentrated on the subject of sexual conduct and morals. The committee was discussing the issue of criminal activities with regard to homosexuality. The debate concentrated on criminal law and did not put in consideration other forms of law (Cane 26). The society plays a significant role to play with regard to ensuring the community and the country at large behave accordingly. According to Devlin, the actions of individuals can affect the outlook of the entire society. Therefore, when lawmakers are developing laws they should put into consideration a person’s liberty (Cane 27). In addition, technological advancement is changing overtime; theref ore, it is reasonable enough for the society to come to terms with the changes. Devlin’s view After the committee published its report, Devlin was quick to respond to the report through a public lecture. Devlin argued that morals and laws should go hand in hand. Behavior of an individual does not only affect the individual alone but the entire society (Cane 28). Therefore, legalizing homosexuality is offensive to the society as it goes against the moral standards of the society. the society’s cultural values should be protected by the law. Devlin’s argument meant to protect the society through the

To What Degree May We Argue That The Essential Elements of Essay

To What Degree May We Argue That The Essential Elements of Contemporary Diplomacy Were Present in Ancient Times - Essay Example The diplomats are solely charged with the duty of issuing peace-making strategies, negotiating on wars, trade ties and the human rights protection. Diplomats normally negotiate the international treaties prior to the endorsement by the nation-wide politicians. Generally, diplomacy is then employment of various actions to gain a mutually acceptable mitigation to a common challenge between different states. This research paper explains the traces of the presence of diplomacy in the ancient times. Indeed diplomacy existed among states in the ancient times. This is traced back in the emergence of the Hiberno-Roman relations agreements to solve issues arising between these two states1. This Hiberno-Roman relations specifically points out the ancient relationships tilted mainly towards economic and cultural ties between the Greece and her neighbouring states. This relationship was between the ancient Roman Empire and Ireland (Hibernia)2. This diplomatic relation lasted from the time of Julius Caesar until the beginning of the 5th century AD. This diplomatic relation was because of the fierce nature of the Ireland state by the Roman Empire. Ireland was the only nation of the Western Europe that was not ruled by the Rome. The diplomatic relation acquired in the Hiberno-Roman treaty greatly gained these two states. These agreements improved the commercial status of these two states. The cultural ties as well were improved between these states because of the cultural exchange that e merged because of this diplomatic treaty. Another empirically based trace of ancient diplomacy is traced in the foreign relations in the imperial china and her neighbouring states. The imperial China state had a long tradition of foreign ties. This is well captured in the ancient times since the Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty respectively during this era3. The diplomatic relations emerged between china and her neighbouring states because of its

Life safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life safety - Essay Example Some people believe that someone at the toilet stated the fire. The cause of the fire is officially undetermined (KRAJICEK, 2014). Inexplicably, the show had no fire apparatus in place. There were 50 fire extinguishers in store as well as 4 circus fire trucks parked a quarter mile from the tent. No fire men had been assigned to the show. The municipal was found to have inadequacies; however, the fury of the city had been focused on the circus (KRAJICEK, 2014). There were a slew of fire code changes as a result of the event, for instance the use of flame retardant tents, fire extinguishers were required 50-100 ft as well as having CT state police and the local fire department at hand, at any under tent performances. It as well lead to the burn on using pyrotechnic as well as flame acts in the presence of audiences with no approval by means of state or local permit processes (KRAJICEK, 2014). â€Å"The Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure† happened to be a haunted house attraction which was at Six Flags Adventure Enjoyment Park in the Jackson Township in New Jersey. It was on the 11th of May 1984 when 18 teenage visitors within this attraction only to lose their lives after the castle caught up on fire. Six Flags Great Adventure as well as its parent company, the Six Flags, were charged with manslaughter, accused of having recklessly causing death through failure to take adequate safety measures against the fire. The prosecution did argue that there lacked an adequate active fire protection system such as sprinklers and smoke detectors which the accused had ignored even after repeated warnings. The accused argued that it was arson and no measures would have helped in saving lives. They were found to be innocent of the matter (Kathleen, 2014). There was response from fire fighters from surrounding 11 communities. Causes of death were carbon monoxide poisoning and smoke inhalation. The fires lead to several other haunted house

To What Degree May We Argue That The Essential Elements of Essay

To What Degree May We Argue That The Essential Elements of Contemporary Diplomacy Were Present in Ancient Times - Essay Example The diplomats are solely charged with the duty of issuing peace-making strategies, negotiating on wars, trade ties and the human rights protection. Diplomats normally negotiate the international treaties prior to the endorsement by the nation-wide politicians. Generally, diplomacy is then employment of various actions to gain a mutually acceptable mitigation to a common challenge between different states. This research paper explains the traces of the presence of diplomacy in the ancient times. Indeed diplomacy existed among states in the ancient times. This is traced back in the emergence of the Hiberno-Roman relations agreements to solve issues arising between these two states1. This Hiberno-Roman relations specifically points out the ancient relationships tilted mainly towards economic and cultural ties between the Greece and her neighbouring states. This relationship was between the ancient Roman Empire and Ireland (Hibernia)2. This diplomatic relation lasted from the time of Julius Caesar until the beginning of the 5th century AD. This diplomatic relation was because of the fierce nature of the Ireland state by the Roman Empire. Ireland was the only nation of the Western Europe that was not ruled by the Rome. The diplomatic relation acquired in the Hiberno-Roman treaty greatly gained these two states. These agreements improved the commercial status of these two states. The cultural ties as well were improved between these states because of the cultural exchange that e merged because of this diplomatic treaty. Another empirically based trace of ancient diplomacy is traced in the foreign relations in the imperial china and her neighbouring states. The imperial China state had a long tradition of foreign ties. This is well captured in the ancient times since the Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty respectively during this era3. The diplomatic relations emerged between china and her neighbouring states because of its

Effects of temperature Essay Example for Free

Effects of temperature Essay Some of these are variables that were mentioned earlier and could not be controlled, or even variables that were not initially considered. While performing the experiment, some of the oxygen produced from photosynthesis may have dissolved into the water. Microorganisms living on the pondweed may have used some oxygen. Although the amount of oxygen dissolved or used by microbes may be insignificant to the final result, when considered alongside the other variables this factor may be attributed to a significant change in the results. Some oxygen is also used during the respiration of the plant. As only the volume of oxygen produced was recorded the change in bubble size was not accounted for when the results were analysed. For a more accurate analysis of the data, using a capillary tube in place of the test tube so that the size and volume of each bubble could have been measured would have eliminated this inaccuracy. There are also factors affecting accuracy at low light intensities. With low light intensity, the pondweed receives some light energy from background light such as sunlight seeping through curtains or the light from the lamp of another students experiment. To eliminate extra artificial light from interfering with the results, the experiment must be performed in a completely dark room. The methodology of the experiment is also likely to account for any errors made, so in order to improve reliability and validity of the results some methodological features must be improved upon or changed completely. A capillary tube and a syringe should be used in place of the test tube to accurately measure the volume of the oxygen produced. Due to the high rates of photosynthesis of the pondweed, readings should be taken within shorter time periods. Doing so decreases the likelihood of human error occurring. Due to the nature and convenience of the experiment, it could be easily modified to investigate other variables of photosynthesis. An experiment using almost identical apparatus would be to vary the colour of the light the plant absorbs. Using translucent colour filters in front the lamps could vary this. Whilst doing the experiment several times contributed to the accuracy of the experiment, there were factors that detracted from it. The method of measuring the rate of photosynthesis by the frequency of bubbles was one. The volume of the bubbles could have varied, meaning that a larger or smaller amount of oxygen could have been released without being recorded. To eliminate these errors, using apparatus like a micro-burette or some other tool for measuring small volumes of gas may overcome small inaccuracies. This would make the results more accurate and reliable. Modifications: Limitations. The room temperature may fluctuate. Â  The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water may be reduced during experiment. The rate of gas evolution is not consistent. Â  There are other light sources, which may interfere with the results. Artificial light will increase temperature, as a 60watt bulb will be used, some energy will be lost as heat energy. Â  Are the bubbles being observed actually oxygen? Setting up the apparatus and placing it in a water bath may overcome the first error. Doing so will ensure that a constant temperature is maintained throughout the experiment. To avoid other light sources interfering with the experiment shelter the apparatus up so that the pondweed only receives light from the table lamp. To ensure consistency of gas evolution when changing to a new condition, the plant should be equilibrated for at least 10 minutes before taking any readings. Using a dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate solution ensures a constant supply of carbon dioxide to the pondweed, avoiding fluctuation of carbon dioxide concentrations. To test for presence of oxygen simply lower a glowing splint into the test tube containing the gas; if the splint relights this indicates that oxygen is present. Using this test increases reliability of the results. The presence of the lamp may cause the temperature to increase; to prevent this from happening ice can be used to maintain a constant temperature. Further experiments could be implemented to test other factors that may have an affect on the rate of photosynthesis. Light intensity has been found to have an affect on photosynthesis. This can be investigated by placing a light at varying distances from the elodea plant and recording the number of bubbles produced. Other experiments in this area could also include testing the rate of photosynthesis with different amounts of chlorophyll in the plants. References: 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 Glenn and Susan Toole, (1999) Biology for Advanced level. Stanley Thornes pg. 282-5. 4, 5 and 6 D. O. Hall and K. K. Rao, (1992) New studies in biology, Photosynthesis. Cambridge University Press, pg 13-14.

The Life Of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart History Essay

The Life Of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart History Essay One of historys most tragic figures, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart begun his performing career as a child prodigy. He played the piano, harpsichord, organ, and violin beautifully and was taken by his father on a number of concert tours through several European countries. The young performer delighted his noble audiences, who rewarded him, however, with flattery and pretty girls rather than with fees. (Copied straight from the book and should be in quotes.) Mozart was fun loving, sociable, and generous to a fault, but he never learned the art of getting along with others. Fiercely independent, he insisted on managing his own affairs, apparently without great success: though recent scholarship reveals that he earned substantial sums, he was chronically short of money. (Quotation marks?)(Ferris, 2010) Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a multi-instrumentalist who started playing in public at the age of six. Over the years, Mozart aligned himself with a variety of European venues and patrons, composing hundreds of works that included sonatas, symphonies, masses, concertos, and operas, marked by vivid emotion and sophisticated textures. (Quotation marks?) (Wolfgang Mozart. Biography) In the summer of 1781, it was rumored that Mozart was contemplating marriage to Fridolin Webers daughter, Constanze. Knowing his father would disapprove of the marriage and the interruption in his career, young Mozart quickly wrote his father denying any idea of the marriage. By December, he was asking for his fathers blessing. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart married Constanze on August 4, 1782. Mozart and Constanze had six children, though only two survived infancy, Karl Thomas and Franz Xavier. (Copied from page 3 of website: Wolfgang Mozart. Biography) Karl Thomas Mozart (1784 1858), a skillful pianist, did not perform professionally. He became an Austrian government official and never married. With his death, the direct Mozart lineage ended. The youngest child, Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart (1791 1844), was known as Wolfgang Amadeus, Jr. Born only five months before his fathers death, he remembered nothing of him. In a classic case of a fathers fame intimidating a gifted child, the son showed early promise as a composer of depth and originality, but the image of the father he never knew loomed over his career with a stifling effect. (Copied from the indicated source.)(Famous family history) Mozarts father Leopold (1719 1787) was one of Europes leading musical teachers. His influential textbook Versuch Einer Grundlichen Violin Schule, was published in 1756, the year of Mozarts birth. He was deputy Kapellmeister to the court orchestra of the Archbishop of Salzburg, and a profile and successful composer of instrumental music. Leopold gave up composing of instrumental music. Leopold gave up composing when his sons outstanding musical talents became evident. They first came to light when Wolfgang was about three years old, and Leopold, proud of Wolfgangs achievements, gave him intensive musical training, including instruction in clavier, violin, and organ. Leopold was Wolfgangs only teacher in his earliest years. A note by Leopold in Nannerls music book, the Nannerl Notenbuch records that little Wolfgang had learned several small Andante and Allegro, written in 1761, when he was five years old. (Copied from Indicated source). (Wolfgang. Biography) Mozart firmly believed that supreme element of opera was music, which the text must always serve; never the other way around. He wrote serious as well as comic operas, and some of his works are a curious combination of styles. The Magic Flute, for example, is a German opera with both serious and comic implications, and Don Giovanni is a serious Italian opera that includes several comic episodes. The Marriage of Figaro is a delightful romp that nevertheless addresses serious political concerns of the emerging middle-class audience of late eighteenth-century Vienna. (Copied from Indicated source). (Ferris, 2010) Mozarts operas teem with love and anger, with humor, wit, pathos, and revenge. Yet Mozarts emotional expression is always under firm control for no matter how unlikely the plots or improbable the resolutions of his operas, he never abandoned classical restraint. Soaring melodies and attractive harmonies, presented in a wide range of orchestral and vocal timbres and effects, provide unfailing entertainment in these masterpieces of Music Theater. Although primarily a secular age, the Classical period was still strongly influenced by the church in some areas of Europe, and many eighteenth-century composers contributed to the repertoire of sacred-Catholic or Protestant-music. (Copied from Indicated source). (Ferris, 2010) Haydn and Mozart, both Catholics, continued the well-established tradition of writing Masses, oratorios, and other religious compositions for church and for concert performance. Haydn, profoundly moved by Handels Messiah, in his last years wrote two beautiful oratorios of his own, The Creation and the Seasons. Both Mozarts and Haydens Masses contain passages for solo voice and for small vocal ensembles, alternating with magnificent choruses all accompanied by organ and orchestra. The solo passages are sometimes quite operatic, but the emphasis in these religious works is on the choral sections. The irrepressible Haydn, criticized for writing religious is on the choral sections. The irrepressible Haydn, criticized for writing religious music that was too happy, replied that he did not believe the Lord minded cheerful music. (Copied from Indicated source). (Ferris, 2010) Mozarts years in Vienna, from age twenty-five to his death at thirty-five, cover one of the greatest developments in a short span in the history of music. In these ten years Mozarts music grew rapidly beyond the realm of many of his contemporaries; it exhibited both ideas and methods of elaboration that few could follow, and to many the late Mozart seemed a difficult composer. (Wolfgang. Biography) In the years 1763 1766, Mozart, along with his father Leopold, a composer and musician, and sister Nannerl, also a musically talented child, toured London, Paris and other parts of Europe, giving many successful concerts and performing before royalty. The Mozart family returned to Salzburg in November 1766. The following year young Wolfgang composed his first opera, Apollo ET Hyacinthus. Keyboard concertos and other major works were also coming from his pen now. (Mozart Biography) In 1769, Mozart was appointed Konzertmeister at the Salzburg Court by the Archbishop. Beginning that same year, the Mozart made three tours of Italy, where the young composer studied Italian opera and produced two successful efforts, Mitridate and Lucio Silla. In 1773, Mozart was back in Austria, where he spent most of the next few years composing. He wrote all his violin concertos between 1774 and 1777, as well as Masses, symphonies, and chamber works. Toward the end of the 1780s Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts fortunes began to grow worse. He was performing less and his income shrank. Austria was a war and both the affluence of the nation and the ability of the aristocracy to support the arts had declined. By mid 1788, Mozart moved his family from Central Vienna to the suburb of Alsergrund, for what would seem to be a way reducing living costs. But in reality, his family expenses remained high and the new dwelling only provided more room. Mozart began to borrow money from friends, though he was almost always able to promptly repay when a commission or concert came his way. During this time he wrote his last three symphonies and the last of the three Da Ponte operas, cosi fan tutte, which premiered in 1790. During this time, Mozart ventured long distances from Vienna to Leipzig, Berlin, and Frankfurt, and other German cities hoping to revive his once great success and the familys financial situation, but he did neither. 1788 1789 was low point for Mozart, experiencing in his own words black thoughts and deep depression. Historians believe he may have had a cyclothymiacs personality with manic depressive tendencies, which might explain the periods of hysteria coupled with spells of hectic creativity. Between 1790 and 1791, now in his mid thirties, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart went through a period of great music productivity and personal healing. Some of his most admired works. The opera, The Magic Flute, The final piano concerto in B-flat, the clarinet concerto in A minor, and the unfinished Requiem to name a few were written during the time. Mozart was beginning to revive much of his public notoriety with repeated performances of his works. His financial situation begun to improve as wealthy patrons in Hungary and Amsterdam pledged annuities in return for occasional compositions. From this turn of fortune, Mozart was able to pay off many of his debts. However, during this time both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts mental and physical health was deteriorating. In September, 1791, he was in Prague for the premier of the opera La clemeza di Ti to, which he was commissioned to produce for the coronation of Leopold II as King Bohemia. Mozart recovered briefly to conduct the Prague premier of The Magic Flute. Mozart fell deeper into illness in November and was confined to bed. Constanze and her sister Sophie came to his side to help nurse him back to health, but Mozart was mentally preoccupied with finishing Requiem, and their efforts were in vain. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on December 5, 1791 at age 35. The cause of death was uncertain, due to the limits of postmortem diagnosis. Officially, the record lists the cause as severe miliary fever, referring to a skin rash that looks like millet seeds. It was reported that his funeral drew few mourners and he was buried in a common grave. Because he was buried in an unmarked grave, it has been popular assumed that Mozart was penniless and forgotten when he died. In fact, though he was no longer as fashionable in Vienna as before, he continued to have a well paid job at court and receive substantial commissions from more distant parts of Europe, Prague in particular. He earned about 10,000 florins per year equivalent to at least 42,000 US dollars in 2006. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart death came at a young age, even for the time period. Yet his meteoric rise to fame and accomplishment at a very early age is reminiscent of more contemporary musical artists whose star had burned out way too soon. Constanze sold many of his unpublished manuscripts to undoubtedly pay off the familys large debts. She was able to obtain a pension from the Emperor and organize several profitable memorial concerts in Mozarts honor. From these efforts, Constanze was able to gain some financial security for herself and allowing her to send her children to private schools. At the time of his death, Mozart was considered one of the greatest composers of all time. His music presented a bold expression, of ten times complex and dissonant, and required high technical mastery from the musicians who performed it. His works remained secure and popular throughout the 19th century, as biographies were written and his music enjoyed constant performances and renditions by other musicians. His work influenced many composers that followed most notably Beethoven in its complexity and depth. Along with his friend Joseph Haydn, Mozart conceived and perfected the grand forms of symphony, opera, string ensemble, and concerto that marked the classical period. His seven year old son, Karl, noted that a few days before Mozart died his entire body became so swollen that the smallest movement was almost impossible. He also noted that there was an awful stench, which after death made an autopsy impossible. It was also observed that upon death the corpse did not become stiff and limbs were able to be bent, which is often the case when someone is poisoned. So was Mozart poisoned or was it disease that killed him? The poisoning theory is interesting in the Mozart himself started these rumors by telling his wife, I am only too conscious that my end will not be long in coming, for sure, someone has poisoned me! For a long time poisoning had been suspected. Who could have done it? The first suspect was his rival Antonio Sallieri, chief composer to the court of Emperor Joseph II. Mozarts wife blamed Salieri, and in his later years, suffering from dementia, Salieri, himself took credit for poisoning Mozart. This has been discredited as Salieri had no reason to murder Mozart. Salieri was in a position of power and esteem with a handsome stipend, and Mozart was of little threat to him. Some maintained that Mozart poisoned himself by treating his syphilis with mercury and using larger than recommended doses. Others felt the Freemasons did him in because his Magic Flute challenged their doctrines and revealed their secret rituals. An early 20th century German neuropsychiatrist, Mathilde Ludendorff, put forward one of the most bizarre theories that the Jews, Masons, and Catholics collaborated together to poison Mozart. Mozart was a studiously hard worker, and by his own admission his extensive knowledge and abilities developed out of many years close study of the European musical tradition. In particular, his operas display an uncanny psychological insight, unique to music at the time, and contuie to exert a particular fascination for musicians and music lovers today.

Hydrogels Essay -- Ethics, Bioprinting, Artificial Tissues

Tissue or organ printing approaches became popular due to lack of organ donors. To address this need, cells or biological molecules are embedded within hydrogels and these mixtures are printed with computer controlled rapid prototyping systems to yield printed organs (9). Bioprinting approaches are promising high-throughput techniques to create artificial tissues and organs for tissue engineering. Gels with or without cells/biological factors are printed on predefined positions layer by layer fashion (Figure 1) with the final goal of fixing damaged or diseases tissues (8, 9). Using this technique, cells can be homogeneously distributed within a hydrogel matrix on predefined positions. This technique is a potential remedy for the cases where cell seeding results in random cell distribution on solid scaffolds. Nozzle diameter, cell density, liquid rheology and operation temperature are the main factors, which affect printing quality in bioprinting based techniques (11, 33, 34). Patterning of cell or biological molecule loaded hydrogels have been widely performed by computer controll...

Effects Terrorism has on our Nation Essay example -- essays research p

Effects Terrorism has on our Nation Purpose: To inform readers of the effects the recent terrorist attacks have on society today. Audience: General Thesis: The terrorist attack on America has affected the economy, tourism and the foreign society tremendously. The Effects Terrorism has on Society From the lips of the FBI, â€Å"Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objective.† On September 11, 2001 the United States of America experienced such actions, it was the largest terror attack experienced by any country. The affect this had on America was tremendous, thousands are dead and tens of thousand of Americans in our country know someone who was killed or injured. The terrorist attack on America has affected the economy, tourism and foreign society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economy has caused the U.S. unemployment to increase. The unemployment rate from two thousand one, to two thousand four has increased by 2 percent. The number of people without jobs has grown from six million, eight hundred and one thousand in The year two thousand and one,to eight million six hundred forty six thousand and two hundred fifty currently. This massive downsize is due to the lack of finances to fund workers in the workforce. Also the United States paid over one point, thirty six million dollars to families who lost loved ones in th...

Cooking Is Chemistry Essay

Cooking is chemistry. Everything is essentially chemical reactions. If you don’t mix the correct amount of grams of one element with another the product can result to be horrendous. The formula of sugar is C12H22O11. When you mix a certain amount of that into a solution of water with the addition of tea you a drink called sweet tea. Let’s say you mix add more C12H22O11 than water. Then your product will be syrup; a completely different mixture and ingredient. You went from a drink to syrup all because you added the incorrect amount of one compound. Now with the same molecules of sugar, let’s add heat, air and water. When you stir these ingredients with dry heat you get cotton candy. Wish is composed of nothing but carbohydrates and water. The added heat disperses the sugar and changes the state of the mixture from liquid to solid. Not enough heat will make it syrup and too much water will make it a drink. According to research, at any time you crack and fry an unfertilized egg, you reconstruct a protein called albumin. The proteins are held collectively by intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds & hydrophobic relations. Heat interrupts these forces & alters the color of the yolk from clear to white. If you add NaCl to water, it will raise the boiling point of water. It will take longer for the water to boil. Therefore, with salt, you can increase the boiling point of water 5 degrees. Another important concept of cooking is cleanliness. If the foods you eat are not properly handled and cooked, then you increase your chances of getting salmonella and other food related illnesses. If you heat you foods to proper temperatures you can eliminate the chances of bacteria’s and viruses being present. The DNA and structure of most viruses and bacteria are destroyed with heat, flame, water, salt, and other cooking elements. For instance, you may could a bloody burger but if you think, the cells and everything within the erythrocyte do not disappear. They are just simply destroyed and no longer living. The blood cells hop of the pan or fly away. Cooking is chemistry without chemistry; most of today’s food would not exist. If you don’t mix the right amount of grams of one element with another the product can result in being a different food . Chemistry allows foods to diverse, creating an ample amount of new ingredients and foods from different cultures. Everything is fundamentally chemical reactions!

Silk Road: Tea

The Silk Road was a series of historical trade routes that connected cultures of European and Asian countries. Hidden in Southwest China is a lesser-known trade route called Chamadao, literally translated as the Tea Horse Road, was a central trade route for the exchange of Tibetan horses and Chinese tea (Elaine). The route started in Southwest China, where tea was produced, led north into the Tibetan mountains and into India (Yang). Due to its economic and cultural impact, it has been dubbed the â€Å"Southern Silk Road of China† (Yang). Tea first originated from Yunnan, through China, to the rest of Asia, then to the West.In its earliest uses, tea was first used as food then concocted as medicinal brews. As more traditional tea drinking practices developed overtime. It began transmit to social hierarchy and developed status (Heiss 4,7). The origin of tea trade could be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Dezong sent his supervisory official Chang Lu to visit Tibet. Chang Lu offered some boiled tea to the Tibetan king, who then asked what it was. When Chang answered, the king informed him that Tibet already had tea and had his servants show it to Chang (Yang). The Chinese were the main exporters of tea.The Tea Horse Road, or Chamadao, was a central trade route for exchanging Tibetan horses and Chinese tea. Though it is called the Tea Horse Road, other products such as salt, sugar and furs were also exchanged along this route. The increasing importance of tea in daily life led to high demand and set up many markets outside of Southern China (Whitfield 238). Tea trade further expanded after Europeans were introduced to it. Chinese Tea was traded as far as Kenya, Africa. Chamadao soon earned the title of â€Å"Southern Silk Road of China,† due to its importance in both economic and cultural aspects (Elaine).Tea played a great role in religion and politics. At the height of the tea trade’s prosperity during the Min g Dynasty, a bureau was established to manage the horse and tea trade. During that time, the Ming Court often used the tea trade as a means of maintaining political control over Tibetan leaders and lamas. Farmers paid tea as tribute, or tax to the emperor, or ruler. The tea used in such tributes determined its quality (Yang). Tea was embraced by China’s three great religions—Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism for its perceived healthful virtues and powers of rejuvenation .The holy leaders of these religions deemed the drink as a necessity and should be consumed by all practitioners. As each of these faiths spread, so did the practice of consuming tea (Heiss 10). In short, the lesser-known Tea Horse Road had great economic and cultural impact. Its cultural exchange and prosperity is comparable to the Silk Road in historical importance. This â€Å"Southern Silk Road† is no longer in use but its legacy continues to play a crucial role in the communication and exchan ge of present cultures.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Project management - Essay Example The respondents comprise the management, middle- and low-level management staff of a global organization. Confidentiality is afforded the respondents. The values of the particular group of people are one form of influence on the organizational culture. There are two cultural systems present in a global organization, but are essentially separate: the national culture and the corporate or organizational culture. Cultural differences are present in global organizations. Most low-rank employees can be recruited in the country where business is built. These people have their culture apart from the culture in the organization which in turn forms another culture. Managers and employees working in an international environment are obviously subject to the impact of multi-country, regional and global change and dynamism than managers in a single-country operation. Managers should be fully aware of the culture’s values and what behaviors or actions those values support in order to take advantage of an existing cultural system. Employees and managers should develop a deep understanding of how organizational values operate in the firm. The study of multi-cultural influences in an organization is a concern of International HRM. Multiculturalism is an outcome of globalization. These organizations are global in context; meaning their operation, corporate set-up, orientation, are internationalized. The process of decision-making, including strategic decision-making, is clearly influenced by cultural factors. The collection of information, its interpretation, the dynamics of the group making the decision and the contextual constraints under which decision-makers work are all influenced to a greater or lesser degree by the culture of those involved. (Cray & Mallory, 1998, p 71) Communication failure between expatriates and local employees may arise from a number of factors, such as differences with regards to cultural adjustment

Healthy Snack Menu for Preschoolers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthy Snack Menu for Preschoolers - Coursework Example The fat and sugar in this recipe is done right, thus it keeps energy levels up and gives the children more opportunities to get in all their nutritional needs. Two food groups that prepare this snack: These are; Fruits and bread. I would include 1 medium ripe banana, which is a rich source of vitamin B6, fiber, vitamin C, antioxidants and potassium, bananas also contain low sugar levels, which boost the blood sugars. Moreover ripe bananas are as rich in antioxidants that protect against cancer and heart disease. Zucchini Bread contains carbohydrates, which provide energy needed for daily activities,it also has vitamins and mineral salts: vitamin C aids in iron absorption and improves the immune system; potassium, calcium and phosphorous aid in bone development. Fine motor skill development. Fine motor activities teach hand-eye coordination.   These actions need a child to learn to specifically control the muscles in the hands.   Things like sifting together the ingredients, beating the eggs, oil, vanilla and sugar together, and stirring the zucchini until well combined all help build fine motor skills. Cognitive development. This includes cause and effect,  reasoning, as well as early math skills. Activities such as counting the ingredients, measuring the right amount and mixing the ingredient together, reading the recipe together before preparing the meal, baking the bread may be used to enhance cognitive development. Language development. This domain includes alphabets, phonemic awareness, oral, and written words.   Even though they may not read to understand, you can interpret the recipe together. Give instructions on how to combine the ingredients and assess their understanding. Social skills. Children are encouraged to be social.   Learning to play is a social skill, let some of the children play little chefs, this will be a great opportunity for those who like playing dress-up, allow them to put on a little chef’s

Discuss with reference to current working practice how the Essay

Discuss with reference to current working practice how the implementation of good risk management practice on the part of the en - Essay Example In addition, possible contractual disputes deserve to be resolved timely in order to avert possible financial losses that may be annexed upon their eventuality. On that note, it is wise to examine the possible risks that may amount to financial losses will undertaking a construction contract. Evaluation However, prior to venture into this quest, a reflection of the activities that comprise of a construction-engineering venture is essential for the provision of an insight on the study matter. Construction engineering entertains a fleet of events, including the assembly of materials from the sources or suppliers to the field of construction. This is a rather demanding activity since it involves the development of a safety store in the construction area prior to the establishment of the real facility described under the project. Apparently, a significant proportion of possible financial losses that may be annexed to construction contracts are built on the grounds of safety compromise. T he assessments of the possible risks that may be associated to this development include the loss of the facilities/ equipment utilized in construction. Such loss is realized under incidents such as theft and natural calamities; an eventuality that may cause severe dents to the financial archives of the proposed project (S.C.P.C.U. (2000). Subsequently, construction engineering involves the development of the designs that are to see the realization of substantial buildings with regard to their durability. This formulates the central reasons upon which the project contract is developed. All these elements amount to platforms that may eventuate to serious occurrence of significant financial risks during or before the contract period. This assertion calls for the development of ultimate measures towards their address. Subsequently, the involvement of a spree of diversified experts in the acquisition of the mentioned tasks, for examples the raw materials, implies that the process of cons truction is a mammoth task by its own self. Challenges amounting to logistical concern can lead to serious financial losses while procuring the contract. The details of the contract make a sincere effort towards the address of the possible risk that may eventuate from the execution of the project, including accidents to the deployed employees. However, the provided cover cannot be described as sufficient for the whole construction project in terms of the expenses that may be accrued from the occurrence of the anticipated risks. This observation prompts the evaluation of the possible risks that may be associated to construction in terms of the expenses they may annex to the whole exercise. The nature of risks associated to a construction-engineering project is grossly pegged on the magnitude of the project. This assertion can be utilized in the categorization of the whole concept, in that various projects can be characterized in accordance to the stipulations of the exercise. On this regard, the projects can be classified as either high financial risk or low financial risk projects. High financial risk projects involve the projects pursued under public environment, for example, road construction, stadia establishment and events of such relation. The financial risks that may be associated to such projects proceeds beyond the captions that may be availed

How Knowledge-Management Repositories are Used within Organizations Essay

How Knowledge-Management Repositories are Used within Organizations - Essay Example Apart from that the essay will also highlight on the various types of storage systems. Finally the report will shed light on the advantages of the mentioned storage systems Table of Contents Introduction 4 Data Warehousing 5 Types of Storage system 6 References 8 Introduction Knowledge management can be defined as the set of methods that are responsible for arrangement, distribution, and deployment of knowledge. Knowledge management has a long history; however the form of knowledge management was different from time to time. Knowledge management is a broader topic and plays a significant role in today’s age of information technology. It hugely impacts the action we perform and the decision we make, as both are influenced by some form of knowledge. According to Thomas Bertels knowledge management can be defined as the management or supervision of the organization in the context of continuous regeneration of knowledge. Incorporating information technology within the organization , circulation of knowledge and developing the structure of organization are the examples of knowledge management (The knowledge management forum, n.d.). Thus knowledge management can be portrayed as the capability to manage knowledge. These days organizations have also started to view ‘knowledge’ as a type of resource. ... Such activities are principally carried out to preserve knowledge assets of the organization and also to facilitate group working. The next half of the report will present a brief description about data warehousing. Data Warehousing Data warehousing is the process by which an organization stores its historical data in a structured form, so that it can be used further. Data warehousing can be defined as the set of techniques, methods and tools that are employed to offer support to the knowledge workers such as managers, directors, and analysts. The primary function of a data warehousing is to facilitate availability of information which further helps in the process of decision making and also for enhancing informational resources. William H. Inmon defined data warehouse as an integrated, non volatile, issue oriented collection of data which helps in the decision making process of the management (Inmon, 2005, p. 32). Data warehouse is the base storage location, which contains data from a number of sources and then transforms it into a multi dimensional and informational model that can be used for the process of querying and investigation. A data ware house also holds the capability to carry out many activities. For example a training manager from an organization may ask ‘what are the best possible orientations for a newly recruited employee?’ Apart from that personnel from administration department may ask ‘which particular strategy is more likely to get success in the market place’. Each of the aforementioned questions needs information pertaining to the area of research and this information instigates from the data warehouse. In general, on regular basis information the operational systems are imported and extracted in the data

Should all states raise the high school dropout age to 18 Essay

Should all states raise the high school dropout age to 18 - Essay Example The skills become better with increased age. Hence, 18-year-old students have more life experiences that make them better citizens. They are also able to comprehend issues and act in accordance with regulations. An 18-year-old student has an enhanced maturity and cognitive capacity. Therefore, making the legal age for school dropout ensures that the society has fully equipped members to promote sustainability. Persons aged 18 years are equipped physically and mentally to enhance productivity and help in nation building. Even though, critics argue that increasing age limit amount to a violation of student rights and that it does not consider the talents. The school provides the platforms for talent development and nurturing. Schools also improve the interpersonal skills of individuals through diversity. Persons also learn to respect and appreciate other people’s cultures. However, such attributes only become better with increased age. An 18-year-old student shows good reasoning compared to the one who drops out at an early age. Therefore, all States should establish mechanisms to keep students in high schools until they reach 18 years of

Global Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Business Strategy - Essay Example This further asserts that liberalism and structuralism dominates and applies to WTO system as an organization that is weaving global influence in world political economy. Liberalism, National Protectionism and Structuralism Liberalism theory is etymologically derived from individual’s love of freedom and democratic principles. Applied to governance, liberalism adheres to liberal democracy which is inclined to more peaceful administration of government. Pluralist liberalism contends that the inequitable distribution of power cause gaps and may result to international conflict while economic liberalism rest on economic interdependence of states to establish peace and cooperation (WTO, 2011). In regulatory processes, liberal policies and foreign relations are driven by the principle of accommodation. Under liberalism, individuals and private groups seek to promote their independent interests within the context of differentiation, individual autonomy and an unlimited competition b y seizing either absolute or comparative advantage (Roy, 2011). It seeks to limit the role of the state in the economic activities. Economic nationalism, on the other hand, refers to the set of policies which regulate the capital generation, economic control, labor management. Capital generation also deals with tariff imposition and some restriction on the movement of labor, goods and capital (The Economist, 2009). It is contrary to globalization, liberalization and unrestricted free trading. It seeks to assert the role of the state in managing national economy. Cross-national trading is consistent to economic protectionism and import substitution. As a consequence of this, economic protectionism extols the imposition of tariff trade to control national involvement in international trading and encourage their local industries to cultivate their business, unions and market for domestic competitiveness (Economist, 2009). Roy (2011) pointed that a country barring economic liberalizatio n would confront problem on decreasing trade relations and poor strategy in trade management. Under mercantile operations, protectionist economy prefer the exclusive trading within a region or country, hence, their raw materials and resources are not exported but are utilized for its own populace. Developing internal competitiveness proved advantageous for them to nourish their independence, inventiveness and innovation in managing domestic markets (Economist, 2009). It’s likewise aimed at stimulating its economy, free from external compulsion and to revolve their finances within. It is against foreign acquisition of national resource for multinational-sourced developments. Structuralism is a theory which focuses on framework or models about how an institution or organization coordinate and interrelate for the full completion of their tasks Structuralism relates to the ties of government and its people in an interrelated social fabric and operation of governance (Balaam & Dil ham, 2010). In trading, this points to the relation of investing countries to host nations in international trading relations. Since structure binds people, the political and economic relations are likewise sensitive to system of social behavior, culture, economic dynamism or political processes. It illustrates some frameworks and policies that are maybe extensive, diverse and sometimes complicated, especially on international market relations between less developed countries and the industrial or

Literary Criticism Quotes and Explanation Essay Example for Free

Literary Criticism Quotes and Explanation Essay â€Å"Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. † -Gene Fowler Fowler conveys that writing is a difficult, exacting task. The purpose of writing is to put our thoughts into words, and to make our words move our readers. Many writers are frustrated by their inability to put their thoughts onto paper. I have always had a difficult time writing. I find that I have good ideas, but that putting my thoughts into words is challenging. I find this problem in all kinds of writing, even projects I enjoyed like a short story we wrote in the 7th grade. I enjoy reading science fiction; it is the most interesting to me. I have always had a hard time picturing what I am reading in my head, but science fiction is easier to visualize. I dislike non-fiction the most because I find it uninteresting. â€Å"Human speech is like a cracked kettle on which we tap crude rhythms for bears to dance to, while we long to make music that will melt the stars. † -G. Flaubert Flaubert’s message is that human speech is imperfect and inelegant. Many people strive to speak fluently but aspects of their speech like word choice and grammar are imprecise. One way to express yourself when words do not work is body language. For example, if somebody doesn’t understand that you are trying to be sarcastic you can use body language to convey your message. You can also express yourself through art, like paintings or music. Some people also try to express themselves through the way that they dress. One advantage to using these methods is that you do not have to say anything but people can simply interpret your message. This can also act as a disadvantage because they might interpret it the wrong way.

Influence Of Cybercrime On Internet Users Information Technology Essay

Influence Of Cybercrime On Internet Users Information Technology Essay The exceptional growth of internet continues into the 21st century, which has brought tremendous opportunities in the various fields of life like education, businesses and entertainment etc. Because of that everything has shrink to click of a mouse. However along with the increase in the benefits of internet, the risks involved in use of internet have also increased. Thats why we usually come across the fact that crime has made a home in cyberspace. [2][3] Electric commerce is rapidly becoming the important part of global economy. e.g. around 50 millions customer visit ebay store online per day is around 50 million. ebay sellers do the business around 6 million pounds per day. The profit making capacity of online businesses such as ebay not only increased the global economy, but has also amplified the rate of online crimes due to large number of customers involved in online transactions. The fast and easy email sending has not only amplified the personal business communication but also increased the chance for confident and expert criminals to steal the important information like credit cards or date of birth of unaware users using email and keyboard capture devices. Today, computers have become important of our day to day life. We know today with technology like neural networks and Nano-computing, atoms in a cup of water can be used to perform billions of operation per second. Cyber crime is a malevolence, which is growing with the increase in our reliance with computers in modern day to day life. In our todays life when anything from kitchen to nuclear power plants is being run by computers. Thats way cyber crime has become so common in everywhere in our life where computer is in used..[2] Cybercrime can said to be latest but it is perhaps the most complex problem in the cyber world. Cybercrime can be of various type but common thing in every cybercrime is that the computer is used as an object or subject in an act considered to be crime. Per Lord Atkin said in his book that, Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of cyber crime Cybercrime has various definitions but generally a cybercrime can be understood as a unlawful conduct in which computer is either a target or tool or may be both. Computer can be utilized as a tool in various kinds of activities like financial crimes, online gambling, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation. And computer can also be targeted for crime like unauthorized access to information, theft of the financial information like credit cards, Trojan attacks and even physically causing harm to computer system.[1][4] Cyber crime is a growing perhaps the biggest problem in cyber world. It is comprises of criminal acts, performed by the use of computer network, mainly internet. That can be carried out by sitting remotely. Such types of acts include unauthorised access of files, disturbing the functionality of the programs using viruses, logic bombs etc. Experts today argue that what comprise the cybercrime. Generally it is understood to be consisting of traditional activities such as fraud, theft and forgery using computer. Today it also includes cyber stalking. Cybercrime can also have acts not considered as a crime under one authority or law but may be considered as a crime under other authority or law. [3][5] This is a very important part of any research work, I have understood this concept clearly and I am going to get the primary data for my research from questionnaire. And for secondary data I have read various books written on cybercrime by great names, and also will be reading articles, journals, newspapers etc, in order to get as much data which would help me analysis. In my research work I will use questionnaire method to collect primary data, as It is the best choice to get in depth information from real users with the help of some open ended multiple choice questions. Moreover, In order to get the real picture open ended questions are very much beneficial to collect specific and in depth information. The reason I choose questionnaire method for my data gathering is that the information I need is directly related to the real time computer users, and there are different kind of techniques or ways of committing cybercrime. So I will make questionnaire considering various techniques and reasons, which lead a user to fall victim of a cybercrime. And one of the advantages of Questionnaire is that I am able to email and fax them to my require destination which is quick, safe. And this method is also cheap as compared to any other data collection methods. According to Kahn and Cannel, the most powerful technique of gathering consistent, valid and relevant data is questionnaire survey. I am also aware of few limitations to my research work. Time constraint is the main limitation as I have to perform number of tasks in limited time like selection of topic, data collection, data analysis and concluding my research etc. Another limitation can be words as I would have to write comprehensive and in depth report with minimum words possible.